The Predynastic Lithic Industries of Upper Egypt, Parts i and ii: A comparative study of the lithic traditions of Badari, Nagada and Hierakonpolis

Holmes, Diane

doi:10.30861/9780860546016

Cited by 22 publications

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“…Were predynastic Badarian peoples descendants of Western Desert Neolithic groups? If the answer to this question is yes, as suggested by many workers based on cultural affinities between groups (e.g., Hassan, 1986Hassan, , 1988Holmes, 1989;Hendrickx and Vermeersch, 2000;Midant-Reynes, 2000a), the Western Desert Gebel Ramlah and Nile Valley Badari samples might be expected to share a close affinity. Gebel Ramlah is, in fact, significantly different from Badari based on the 22-trait MMD ( Table 4).…”

Section: The Egyptian Peopling Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others discounted an outside source, although an eastern origin cannot be completely ruled out (Hendrickx and Vermeersch, 2000), and Keita (1990) found craniometric affinities between Badarian and southern peoples. Today the most widely accepted hypothesis asserts that the source, with potential northern and eastern influence, were Neo-lithic peoples from Egypt's Western Desert (Hassan, 1988;Holmes, 1989;Hendrickx and Vermeersh, 2000;Midant-Reynes, 2000a); this association is predicated on interregional cultural similarities (Caton-Thompson, 1926;Hassan, 1976Hassan, , 1978Hassan, , 1979Hassan, , 1986Hassan, , 19881997a;Wendorf and Schild, 1980;Hendrickx and Vermeersch, 2000;Kobusiewicz et al, 2004). The present study will specifically test the likelihood of this latter indigenous link.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet this continuity might have been limited to the Badari region. Elsewhere, Naqada origins may be linked to an influx of refugees from Egypt's Western and Eastern Deserts (Holmes, 1989). A dental comparison of Badarian and Naqada samples will serve to assess the degree of their purported relationship.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3000 BC) was tied to Naqada expansion into most of Egypt (Hassan, 1997b;Bard, 2000;Midant-Reynes, 2000a). During Naqada III, kings at Hierakonpolis and Abydos initiated the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt (Hassan, 1988(Hassan, , 1997bHolmes, 1989;Midant-Reynes, 2000a); this consolidation resulted in the celebrated civilization that came to rule Egypt for nearly 3,000 years. Therefore, it is commonly held that the dynastic period is a result of an internal development from the Naqada (Childe, 1952;Arkell and Ucko, 1965;Kantor, 1965;Holmes, 1989;Hassan, 1997b;Bard, 2000;Midant-Reynes, 2000a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During Naqada III, kings at Hierakonpolis and Abydos initiated the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt (Hassan, 1988(Hassan, , 1997bHolmes, 1989;Midant-Reynes, 2000a); this consolidation resulted in the celebrated civilization that came to rule Egypt for nearly 3,000 years. Therefore, it is commonly held that the dynastic period is a result of an internal development from the Naqada (Childe, 1952;Arkell and Ucko, 1965;Kantor, 1965;Holmes, 1989;Hassan, 1997b;Bard, 2000;Midant-Reynes, 2000a). This idea counters a long-discredited hypothesis suggesting that a foreign ''race'' invaded from west Asia during Naqada III times (Petrie, 1939;Engelbach, 1943;Derry, 1956;Emery, 1961).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Who were the ancient Egyptians? Dental affinities among Neolithic through postdynastic peoples

Irish

2005

American J Phys Anthropol

105

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Qualitative and quantitative methods are employed to describe and compare up to 36 dental morphological variants in 15 Neolithic through Roman-period Egyptian samples. Trait frequencies are determined, and phenetic affinities are calculated using the mean measure of divergence and Mahalanobis D2 statistics for discrete traits; the most important traits in generating this intersample variation are identified with correspondence analysis. Assuming that the samples are representative of the populations from which they derive, and that phenetic similarity provides an estimate of genetic relatedness, these affinities are suggestive of overall population continuity. That is, other than a few outliers exhibiting extreme frequencies of nine influential traits, the dental samples appear to be largely homogenous and can be characterized as having morphologically simple, mass-reduced teeth. These findings are contrasted with those resulting from previous skeletal and other studies, and are used to appraise the viability of five Egyptian peopling scenarios. Specifically, affinities among the 15 time-successive samples suggest that: 1) there may be a connection between Neolithic and subsequent predynastic Egyptians, 2) predynastic Badarian and Naqada peoples may be closely related, 3) the dynastic period is likely an indigenous continuation of the Naqada culture, 4) there is support for overall biological uniformity through the dynastic period, and 5) this uniformity may continue into postdynastic times.

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Section: The Egyptian Peopling Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%