The prefontral cortex and cognitive control

Miller, Earl K.

doi:10.1038/35036228

Cited by 1,798 publications

(1,089 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Common activation differences are also observed in (ii) the parietal lobe (Brodmann area 7), which is part of the ''where'' pathway for primate vision (25) and (iii) the thalamus. Consistent with our hypothesis that cooperation requires prefrontal control (26) activation, differences are observed in (iv) the middle frontal gyrus and (v) the frontal pole (Brodmann area 10).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange

McCabe

Houser

Ryan

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

834

475

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Cooperation between individuals requires the ability to infer each other's mental states to form shared expectations over mutual gains and make cooperative choices that realize these gains. From evidence that the ability for mental state attribution involves the use of prefrontal cortex, we hypothesize that this area is involved in integrating theory-of-mind processing with cooperative actions. We report data from a functional MRI experiment designed to test this hypothesis. Subjects in a scanner played standard two-person ''trust and reciprocity'' games with both human and computer counterparts for cash rewards. Behavioral data shows that seven subjects consistently attempted cooperation with their human counterpart. Within this group prefrontal regions are more active when subjects are playing a human than when they are playing a computer following a fixed (and known) probabilistic strategy. Within the group of five noncooperators, there are no significant differences in prefrontal activation between computer and human conditions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange

McCabe

Houser

Ryan

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

834

475

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The frontal lobe, especially the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an essential role in various high‐level cognitive functions, such as executive functions (Mansouri, Tanaka, & Buckley, 2009; Miller, 2000; Miller & Cohen, 2001), reasoning and planning (Wood & Grafman, 2003), decision making (Wallis, 2007), social cognition, and moral judgment (Forbes & Grafman, 2010). Meanwhile, the deficits in PFC functions are involved in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, drug addiction, mood disorders, and Alzheimer's disease (Fuster, 2001; Goto, Yang, & Otani, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroticism and conscientiousness respectively positively and negatively correlated with the network characteristic path length in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex: A resting‐state fNIRS study

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Brain and Behavior

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BackgroundAccumulating evidence shows that the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is implicated in personality traits. In this study, resting‐state functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with small‐world analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between the network properties of dlPFC and personality traits.MethodsThirty college students (aged between 20 and 29) were recruited from the University of Macau campus, whose personality scores were accessed with the NEO‐FFT questionnaire. Graph theory combined with resting‐state fNIRS data was used to quantify the network properties of dlPFC, whereas Pearson correlation analysis was performed to generate the relationship between the small‐world indicators and personality scores.ResultsCompared to matched random networks, the resting‐state brain networks exhibited a larger clustering coefficient (C p, 0.1–0.66), shorter characteristic path length (L p, 0.1–0.66), and higher global (E g, 0.1–0.66) and local efficiency (E loc, 0.1–0.65). In particular, conscientiousness (r = −0.63) and neuroticism (r = 0.40) respectively showed negative and positive correlation with the L p.ConclusionsThe resting‐state functional brain networks in dlPFC exhibited the small‐world properties. In addition, participants with higher conscientiousness scores showed a shorter L p.

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“…Dawson et al 2010). Historically, the first IQ tests presented questions verbally, but during World War I the U.S. Army had to evaluate recruits who were illiterate or had a limited English proficiency (McCallum et al 2001). Thus, nonverbal tests were developed as a means to measure general cognition without the confounding element of language.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological mechanisms for nonverbal IQ tests: implications for instruction of nonverbal children with autism

Vyshedskiy¹,

Dunn²,

Piryatinsky³

2017

RIO

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Traditionally, the neurological correlates of IQ test questions are characterized qualitatively in terms of 'control of attention' and 'working memory.' In this report we attempt to characterize each IQ test question quantitatively by two factors: a) the number of disparate objects that have to be imagined in concert in order to solve the problem and, b) the amount of recruited posterior cortex territory. With such a classification, an IQ test can be understood on a neuronal level and a subject's IQ score could be interpreted in terms of specific neurological mechanisms available to the subject.Here we present the results of an analysis of the three most popular nonverbal IQ tests: Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI-4), Standard Raven's Progressive Matrices, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V). Our analysis shows that approximately half of all questions (52±0.02%) are limited to mental computations involving only a single object; these easier questions are found towards the beginning of each test. More difficult questions located towards the end of each test rely on mental synthesis of several disparate objects and the number of objects involved in computations gradually increases with question difficulty. These more challenging questions require the organization of wider posterior cortex networks by the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). This conclusion is in line with neuroimaging studies showing that activation level of the lateral PFC and the posterior cortex positively correlates with task difficulty. This analysis has direct implications for brain pathophysiology and, specifically, for therapeutic interventions for children with language impairment, most notably for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other developmental disorders. Keywords AbbreviationsNOB score = number of objects score PCT score = posterior cortex territory score

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The prefontral cortex and cognitive control

Cited by 1,798 publications

References 83 publications

A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange

A functional imaging study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal exchange

Neuroticism and conscientiousness respectively positively and negatively correlated with the network characteristic path length in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex: A resting‐state fNIRS study

Neurobiological mechanisms for nonverbal IQ tests: implications for instruction of nonverbal children with autism

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