The Preparation and Assay of a Christmas‐Factor (Factor IX) Concentrate and its Use in the Treatment of Two Patients

Biggs, Rosemary; Bidwell, Ethel; Handley, Dean A.; Macfarlane, Robert; Trueta, Joseph; Elliot-Smith, Adrian; Dike, G. W. R.; ASh, Byshevskiĭ

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1961.tb00345.x

Cited by 73 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In 1964, Judith Pool and cowoikers reported a simple and reliable method to purify clotting factor VIII äs a cryoprecipitate from human plasma [96]. At approximately the same time blood products rieh in factor IX, äs well äs factors II, VII and X, became available for the treatment of patients with hemophilia B [10,13,125]. Dutch factor VIII and IX preparations were used from 1967 on [79,88].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemophilia treatment in historical perspective: a review of medical and social developments

1991

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemophilia treatment in historical perspective: a review of medical and social developments

1991

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“…Christmas factor (Biggs et al, 1961). Despite attempts to establish minimal dosage regimes for administration of therapeutic materials (Biggs et al, 1965)~ it is often considered necessary to treat most patients for 7-10 days or longer with daily infusions of plasma or plasma derivatives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epsilon‐Aminocaproic Acid Therapy for Dental Extractions in Haemophilia and Christmas Disease: A Double Blind Controlled Trial

et al. 1971

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Summary. The results are reported of a pilot study and two separate double blind controlled trials of the effectiveness of epsilon‐aminocaproic acid (EACA) in dental extractions in patients with haemophilia and Christmas disease. In the major trial 31 patients were studied; 23 at Oxford and eight at Cardiff. All patients received either EACA (6 g four times daily for 10 days at Oxford or for 7 days at Cardiff) or a placebo, in conjunction with a single preoperative dose of therapeutic materials expected to raise the plasma factor‐VIII or factor‐IX level to 50%. Post‐operative therapeutic materials were withheld unless intraoral bleeding occurred. Despite the fact that plasma factor‐VIII or factor‐IX levels were, on average, lower, the number of teeth extracted larger, the amount of therapeutic concentrates less and the postinfusion plasma factor‐VIII or factor‐IX levels lower in the EACA group at Oxford, the incidence of postoperative intraoral bleeding was lower and the requirements for postoperative therapeutic materials less in the group treated with EACA. Side‐effects were not a major problem. The number of patients studied at Cardiff was too few for statistical analysis but the results were similar to those at Oxford. The total conservation of therapeutic materials at Oxford in comparison to the amount utilized before EACA was used is estimated on the basis of these results to be approximately 12 000 factor‐VIII or factor‐IX units/patient, or approximately 190 units/kg/patient, equivalent, for each patient, to the amount derived from approximately 120 blood donations. These results show that EACA in conjunction with preoperative therapeutic concentrates sufficient to raise the plasma factor‐VIII or factor‐IX level to 50% can be useful for all patients with haemophilia and Christmas disease undergoing tooth extraction. In some patients EACA therapy is contraindicated and for these patients adequate cover with therapeutic materials must be provided during the postoperative period.

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“…However, their use was limited by not infrequent severe allergic reactions, particularly after repeated exposure. The subsequent development of lyophilized plasma‐derived concentrates of both factors VIII and IX was a further advance ( Kekwick & Wolf, 1957; Biggs et al , 1961 ) as products of a known potency could be stored conveniently in a domestic refrigerator and administered easily without regard to blood group. However, only limited quantities were produced initially and the products were certainly not widely available for treatment outside a few specialist treatment centres.…”

Section: Fractionated Blood Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of blood transfusion

Giangrande

2000

Br J Haematol

514

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The Preparation and Assay of a Christmas‐Factor (Factor IX) Concentrate and its Use in the Treatment of Two Patients

Cited by 73 publications

References 3 publications

Hemophilia treatment in historical perspective: a review of medical and social developments

Hemophilia treatment in historical perspective: a review of medical and social developments

Epsilon‐Aminocaproic Acid Therapy for Dental Extractions in Haemophilia and Christmas Disease: A Double Blind Controlled Trial

The history of blood transfusion

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