The Preparation and Properties of Partially Benzylated Cotton

Klein, Elias; Stanonis, David J.; Harbrink, Pieter; Berni, Ralph J.

doi:10.1177/004051755802800804

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…l'ojyacrylaniides [271, however, were shown to cause some wet recovery improvement. It has also been shown in this lahoratory 2 ~ 10, 26,55 ] , that benzylated. ,B-propiolactoneor t-caprotactonetreated cotton, cyanoethylated cotton, and partially acetylated cotton likewise do not exhibit much wet crease, recovery improvement.…”

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confidence: 63%

The Nature of Wet Crease Recovery in Cotton—A Review

McKelvey

1964

Textile Research Journal

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Intro4uction, Unfinished cotton fabrics that have heen desizecl, ' scoured, and bleached are usually less resilient when wet tjiati when conditioned to &dquo;dryness&dquo; at 65% RH at 25° C. Thus 80 X 80 fabric has been found to have dry conditioned recovery angles of 195°' (warp plus filling) and 165 (W + F) when wet.On occasion, other memlers of this laboratory have observed cotton fahric in which the dry and wet crease recovery angles were of equal value and one sample at least with the wet recovery angle higher than the dry value. These anomalies are helieved to le due to the severity of, or the lack of severity of, the purification process and perhaps to the structure and history of the fabrics. It has been, experimentally shown that numerous reagents cause an elevation of both the dry and wet recovery angles, and the reagents which have been successful in textile finishing for wash-wear have heen dior '. poly functional. However, in the field o~ epoxide and formaldehyde finishing it has been found possiblẽ to elevate the wet crease angle without changing the dry angle very much, although sometimes with epoxide-treated fabrics the dry angle is definitely less than that of the untreated control. Gross deposition of re~n to cause &dquo;spot welding&dquo; of fibers or l~cril>l~eral deposition, as described by Steele 1701 I and Marsh [41], will not be considered in tliis discttssion. although noted in passing.From the number of references in the literature to wet crease recovery alone it would appear that the phenomenon has been rather widely observed over a considerable period of time. And since there is such a variety of reagents that can cause it under many different conditions of reaction, it is possible that what is being observed are several effects superimposed upon one another. The two most common reagents capable of making cotton crease resistant in the wet state alone are formaldehyde (or donors of it) and epichlorohydrin (or its precursors). However, as this review will show, the choice of a reagent is not limited to these two.IZeference will also 1>e made to effects of alkali alone on cotton, and, as will be pointed out, strong alkali (15-25% NaOH ) is used as a &dquo;catalyst&dquo; in preparing various cellulose derivatives, particularly the ethers. It is possible to cause improvement in 1 One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research and Development Division,

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confidence: 63%

The Nature of Wet Crease Recovery in Cotton—A Review

McKelvey

1964

Textile Research Journal

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“…For each lattice type the spectra are very similar, indicating that the substitution of aromatic groups on the cellulose apparently did not influence the location of the stable free radicals in the irradiated molecule. Even in the case where the aromatic group was cleaved from the cellulose molecule (benzyl cellulose, Figure 2C) during irradiation, the location of the -3 14 49 3 14 49 3 15 50 3 12 42 5 10 33 49 5 9 33 45 5 9 35 55 5 11 32 48 --- 8 The major peak was at about the free electron value. stable free radicals was not changed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aromatic groups on localization of high energy in cellulose

Arthur¹,

Stanonis²,

Mares³

et al. 1967

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYnOPetsWhen 7-radiation from W o interacted with fibrous cotton cellulose, the localization of at least part of the high energy resulted in cejlulosic chain cleavage and loss in breaking strength of the irradiated fiben. The substjtgtion of aromatic groups on the cotton cellulose molecule affected this localization of energy and decreased the radiation degradation of the fiber. The nature of the linkage of the aromatic group to the cellulose molecule was not as important as the radiation atability of the linkage. For example, if localization of energy occurred which cleaved the aromatic group from the cellulose molecule, the radioprotection of the cellulo$c molecular chain by the aromatic group WBR not effective. If the aromatic group was 80 modified that the effective number of electrons was decreased, the radioprotection of the cellulosic chain was also decreased. The radioprotection of the cellulosic molecular chain by benzhydryl, trityl, benzoyl, and cinnamoyl groups was effective over dista~~ces equivalent to several cellobiom units. The radioprotection of the cellulosic chain by naphthoyl groups was significant but not aa effective as the listed groups. Due to the sharing of -electrons in the naphthoyl group, the effective number of Hlectrons was reduced, and consequently the radioprotective effect of the group waa also reduced. Benzyl groups were cleaved from the cellulose molecule on irradiation and offered nq radioprotection to the cellulosic chain, at least at the high radiation doused. The ESR spectra of the irradiated celluloses, both substituted and unsubstituted, were similgr. This indicated that the presence of aromatic p u p s did not change the nature of the long-lived free radicals induced in cellulose on irradiation. It WM suggested thgt selective energy absorption by the aromatic group from the spur of high-energy electrons produced on interaction of yradiation with the cellulose molecule could account for the radioprotection of the cellulosic molecular chain.

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“…The method proposed by Klein et al. [8] was found to be better suited than others, as it ensured a uniform treatment of the fibers and the loss in strength was not comparatively large. However, as it was preferred to benzylate the samples at one stretch and not rebenzylate them, to get samples with DS nearer to 1, a higher initial molar ratio of NaOH to cellulose was employed instead of 2.01 used by Klein et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They observed that benzylation began at active spots on the fiber surface and moved inwards from one growth layer to the next. Klein et al [8] studied the preparation and properties of partially benzylated cellulose with the aim of retaining the mechanical strength with increased yields by employing ternary systems. Following this, Creely et al [ 1 ] made an x-ray study of the partially benzylated cotton samples and proposed a unit cell for benzyl cellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Fine Structure of Partially Benzylated Cotton Fibers With Increasing Degree of Substitution By X-Ray Study

Manjunath¹,

Nanjundayya²

1965

Textile Research Journal

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The mechanism of reaction of partial benzylation of cotton fibers has been followed through a systematic study of such parameters as crystallinity, crystallite size, and crystallite orientation. Benzylation was found to be accompanied by a general loss in crystallinity of the fibers, shifting of the amorphous maximum towards the small angle region, and a possible change in the shape of crystallite. Unit cell dimensions for benzyl cellulose with a degree of substitution less than 1 have been determined from a study of partially benzylated flax. An explanation is given for the persistence of (101) peak in amorphous benzyl cellulose..

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The Preparation and Properties of Partially Benzylated Cotton

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

The Nature of Wet Crease Recovery in Cotton—A Review

The Nature of Wet Crease Recovery in Cotton—A Review

Effect of aromatic groups on localization of high energy in cellulose

Variation in Fine Structure of Partially Benzylated Cotton Fibers With Increasing Degree of Substitution By X-Ray Study

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