The preparation of graft copolymers of cellulose and cellulose derivatives using ATRP under homogeneous reaction conditions

Abstract

Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. In this comprehensive review, we report on the preparation of graft-copolymers of cellulose and cellulose derivatives using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) under homogeneous conditions. The review is divided into four sections according to the cellulosic material that is graft-copolymerised; i) cellulose, ii) ethyl cellulose, iii) hydroxypropyl cellulose and iv) other cellulose derivatives. In each section, the grafted synthetic polymers are described as well as the methods used for ATRP macro-initiator formation and graftcopolymerisation. The physical properties of the graft-copolymers including their selfassembly in solution into nanostructures and their stimuli responsive behaviour are described.Potential applications of the self-assembled graft copolymers in areas such as nanocontainers for drug delivery are outlined.

Poly(4-vinylaniline)/polyaniline bilayer functionalized bacterial cellulose membranes as bioelectronics interfaces

“…where %C(O-C=O) is the atomic percentage of C1s of the ester group, MAGU is the mass of the anhydro-glucose unit (162 g.mol -1 ), Mgrafts is the mass of the graft moiety and MC is the mass of carbon. From this equation, the DSS of BC-BiBB is 77%, which means about 77% of BC growing sites were readily available for PVAN grafting which shows a good agreement with the reported literature (Joubert, Musa, Hodgson, & Cameron, 2014;Hongle Wang, Fu, Wang, Shao, & Qin, 2017). Moreover, it is very unlikely that every hydroxyl group would be equally accessible for modification as consequence, among others, of BC drying process prior to BiBB immobilization.…”

Graft copolymers of hydroxyethyl cellulose by a ‘grafting to’ method:15N labelling as a powerful characterisation tool in ‘click’ polymer chemistry

“…The conjugation is possible through the presence on each polymer of complementary functional groups which undergo efficient coupling reactions such as thiol-ene 20 , hetero-Diels-Alder 21,22 or copper catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) [23][24][25] . Graft copolymerisation of cellulosic derivatives has mainly been conducted by the "grafting from" method using a cellulosic macro-initiator 26 . Hansson et al 27 used ATRP to prepare cellulose-g-PMMA by grafting from a macroinitiator immobilised on a solid cellulose substrate.…”

Synthesis of cationic star polymers by simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP

“…Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is proven to be one of the most versatile reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) methods that enables the preparation of polymers with controlled molecular weights (MWs), narrow molecular weight distributions (M w /M n , MWDs), and targeted degrees of polymerization (DP) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The advent of low amount catalyst ATRP system, such as simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP) [14] offers more environmentally friendly reaction conditions for the synthesis of polymers [15].…”