The preparation of phosphorus and nitrogen-containing structure towards the enhancement of flame retardancy for thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer

Hu, Wen-Juan; Li, Yingming; You-Yu, Pang; Li, Yi-Ran; Wang, De‐Yi

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130375

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The TPU with 5 wt% AL‐APP has a LOI value of 26.5 vol% and a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. The EB is 19.9% more than that of TPU, but the TS is 25.8% lower than that of TPU 16 . In addition, APP was modified by DOPA and cobalt ions (Co) to prepare Co‐PAD‐APP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all surface modification of APP presents good effects on improve flame retar- lower than that of TPU. 16 In addition, APP was modified by DOPA and cobalt ions (Co) to prepare Co-PAD-APP. The TPU blend containing 3 wt% Co-PAD-APP is classified a UL-94 V-0 rating and its TS and EB are 1.9% and 34.5% more than that of TPU.…”

Section: Tensile Properties Of Tpu Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Flame retardant is the key factor to achieve good flame retardancy. At present, many halogen-free flame retardants have been used to improve the flame retardancy of TPU, such as phosphorus or phosphorus-nitrogen [3][4][5][6] aluminum hypophosphite, 7 nanoparticles [8][9][10][11][12] and intumescent flame retardant (IFR) [13][14][15][16] etc. Among them, IFR has received extensive attentions due to its low toxicity and environmentally friendly characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,21 However, due to the charring ability of TPU itself is not good enough, the flame-retardant efficiency of APP in TPU is not ideal, and a large amount of APP will deteriorate the mechanical properties of TPU. To increase the flame-retardant efficiency of TPU/APP, a lot of methods have been tried, for example surface modification of APP, 13,16 incorporating synergists 15,22 or charring agents 14,[23][24][25] into TPU etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergism of triazine containing dopamine to flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate

Xü

Wang

Guo

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A dopamine‐triazine compound (TTD) was synthesized by using dopamine and cyanuric chloride. The TTD and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were combined to improve the flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties of TPU blends were investigated. TPU containing 8 wt% APP displays a UL‐94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.0 vol%. When APP and TTD are combined at a ratio of 7/1 (wt%/wt%), only 5 wt% flame retardant is needed to endow TPU with a UL‐94 V0 rating, suggesting that a good synergistic effect exists between APP and TTD on enhancing flame retardancy of TPU. In addition, TTD reduces the heat release rate of TPU, suppresses the smoke and toxic gas release and promotes the formation of an intumescent char layer with few defects during combustion. In addition, TTD improves the tensile properties of TPU/APP blends.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tensile Properties Of Tpu Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synergism of triazine containing dopamine to flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate

Xü

Wang

Guo

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Therefore, enhancing the flame-retardant properties of PUs can improve their application in some specific areas. − In contrast to traditional halogenated flame retardants, phosphorus-containing flame retardants such as 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), various phosphates, and phosphonitrilic chloride trimer − have attracted more and more attention due to their high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and nontoxicity during combustion. Among these organophosphorus flame retardants, DOPO is favored due to its high reactivity and low cost. , In recent years, using the synergistic effects of phosphorus and nitrogen elements in the PU matrix has been considered to be one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly flame-retarding strategies to improve the flame-retardant efficiency of materials. − Currently, there are two main methods for improving fire retardancy, which are divided into inherent and addition types. Addition type methods involve adding flame retardants to the matrix material, which has the advantages of convenience and easy production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Enhancing Mechanical Strength, Toughness, and Fire Retardancy of Biobased Polyurethane by Regulating Soft/Hard Segments and Crystallization Behavior

Yang,

Zhang,

Ding

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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In this work, biobased flame-retardant polyurethanes were designed. First, a vanillin-based diol (VDP), as the hard segment, was prepared by condensation and addition reactions of vanillin with DDM (4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane) and DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide). Then, polyurethane materials FRBPU-xP were prepared by a polycondensation reaction of different contents of VDP, crystallized polycaprolactone diol, and HDI by modulating the amount (x) of P. Interestingly, when the amount of VDP was increased from 0 to 14.5 wt % (P = 1.0%) and the amount of PCL diol was decreased from 82.4 to 64.8 wt %, the T g of the prepared FRBPU-xP was significantly increased from −34.7 to 2.8 °C, while the tensile strength increased from 10.7 to 15.6 MPa and the elongation at break increased from 822% to 930%, showing simultaneous mechanical strengthening and toughening. These behaviors can be ascribed to (1) the increase of the hard VDP diols and the enhancement of intermolecular interactions and (2) the decrease of the crystallinity from 21.2% to 14.5% due to the decreasing content of PCL diols and the inhibiting crystallization behavior induced by VDP, which helped to improve the ductility of the polyurethane material. Furthermore, the LOI value of FRBPU-0.5P reached 29.6%, and this material achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating. In addition, the polyurethanes showed good reprocessability, and FRBPU-1.0P had a retention of 72.6% and 93.3% for its tensile strength and elongation at break after thermal remolding, respectively. This work provides an idea for the preparation of highperformance biobased flame-retardant polyurethane.

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Optimization of intumescent flame retardant system based on ammonium polyphosphate, double pentaerythritol, and zinc borate for thermoplastic polyurethane composite

Li,

Bai,

Hao

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The widespread industrial applications of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are partially limited by its flammability. The design of high‐performance intumescent flame retardants (IFR) is of great significance for enhancing flame retardant (FR) performance of TPU. In this work, an IFR system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), double pentaerythritol (DPER), and zinc borate (ZB) is proposed. The optimized experimental parameters with 15 wt.% additive amount of FR, APP‐DPER weight ratio of 2.28:1 and 15.56 wt.% ZB content are regulated based on Box–Behnken design‐response surface methodology (BBD‐RSM) to obtain TPU/FR composite with superior limiting oxygen index value of 30.2%. Noticeably, the design efficiency of TPU/FR composite is significantly improved by utilizing BBD‐RSM. Results of vertical burning test show that the optimized TPU/FR composite passes UL 94 V‐0 rating and peak heat release rate is dramatically reduced from 1355.88 (neat TPU) to 201.01 KW/m2 through cone calorimeter test. In addition, scanning electron microscopy accompanied with Raman spectroscopy are conducted to characterize the morphology and composition of residual char for further exploring the FR mechanism of IFR system in TPU. The as‐prepared TPU/FR composite has provided new potential application in engineering fields.

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The preparation of phosphorus and nitrogen-containing structure towards the enhancement of flame retardancy for thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Synergism of triazine containing dopamine to flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate

Synergism of triazine containing dopamine to flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate

Simultaneously Enhancing Mechanical Strength, Toughness, and Fire Retardancy of Biobased Polyurethane by Regulating Soft/Hard Segments and Crystallization Behavior

Optimization of intumescent flame retardant system based on ammonium polyphosphate, double pentaerythritol, and zinc borate for thermoplastic polyurethane composite

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