The preparation of starch derivatives reacted with urea-phosphoric acid and effects on fire performance of expandable polystyrene foams

Ji, Wenfei; Wang, Di; Guo, Jia; Fei, Bin; Gu, Xiaoyu; Li, Hongfei; Sun, Jun; Zhang, Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115841

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There are also some serious concerns related to a loss of FRs during the life cycle of styrenic products, potentially causing harm to the environment and negatively affecting human health. The future trends will likely involve the greater use of bio-inspired fire-retardant solutions or P-containing waste materials [ 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 ]. However, only a small number of bio-based P-containing formulations were proposed recently, and they were required at very high loadings [ 127 , 128 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance

Baby¹,

Tretsiakova-McNally²,

Arun

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Polystyrene, despite its high flammability, is widely used as a thermal insulation material for buildings, for food packaging, in electrical and automotive industries, etc. A number of modification routes have been explored to improve the fire retardance and boost the thermal stability of commercially important styrene-based polymeric products. The earlier strategies mostly involved the use of halogenated fire retardants. Nowadays, these compounds are considered to be persistent pollutants that are hazardous to public and environmental health. Many well-known halogen-based fire retardants, regardless of their chemical structures and modes of action, have been withdrawn from built environments in the European Union, USA, and Canada. This had triggered a growing research interest in, and an industrial demand for, halogen-free alternatives, which not only will reduce the flammability but also address toxicity and bioaccumulation issues. Among the possible options, phosphorus-containing compounds have received greater attention due to their excellent fire-retarding efficiencies and environmentally friendly attributes. Numerous reports were also published on reactive and additive modifications of polystyrene in different forms, particularly in the last decade; hence, the current article aims to provide a critical review of these publications. The authors mainly intend to focus on the chemistries of phosphorous compounds, with the P atom being in different chemical environments, used either as reactive, or additive, fire retardants in styrene-based materials. The chemical pathways and possible mechanisms behind the fire retardance are discussed in this review.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance

Baby¹,

Tretsiakova-McNally²,

Arun

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…The treatment protocol was adapted from the literature [51][52][53] . A 60 % phosphoric acid was prepared using 85 % phosphoric acid and deionized water.…”

Section: Lignin Phosphorylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient solution to determine surface energy of powders and porous media: Application to untreated and treated lignin

Carretier¹,

Pucci

Lacoste³

et al. 2022

Applied Surface Science

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“…The reasons for the interest in using starch are its low cost, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and easy chemical modification. Clearly, among these characteristics, their chemical structure is one of the most attractive, since offers a lot of possibilities to improve or incorporate certain properties according to each particular application [ 20 , 21 , 31 , 32 ]. As was reviewed in Section 1 , starch has been used for different purposes, in many ways from blends to composites ( Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, when starch is treated with kaolin at high temperature, a starch with improved biodegradability properties is obtained [ 2 ]. Some of their applications are encapsulating agent [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], bio-adsorbent [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], foams [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], food packaging [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], and medical applications [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Fascinating Polysaccharides: Chitosan and Starch. Some Prominent Characterizations for Applying as Eco-Friendly Food Packaging and Pollutant Remover in Aqueous Medium. Progress in Recent Years: A Review

2021

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The call to use biodegradable, eco-friendly materials is urgent. The use of biopolymers as a replacement for the classic petroleum-based materials is increasing. Chitosan and starch have been widely studied with this purpose: to be part of this replacement. The importance of proper physical characterization of these biopolymers is essential for the intended application. This review focuses on characterizations of chitosan and starch, approximately from 2017 to date, in one of their most-used applications: food packaging for chitosan and as an adsorbent agent of pollutants in aqueous medium for starch.

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The preparation of starch derivatives reacted with urea-phosphoric acid and effects on fire performance of expandable polystyrene foams

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance

Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance

An efficient solution to determine surface energy of powders and porous media: Application to untreated and treated lignin

Two Fascinating Polysaccharides: Chitosan and Starch. Some Prominent Characterizations for Applying as Eco-Friendly Food Packaging and Pollutant Remover in Aqueous Medium. Progress in Recent Years: A Review

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