The Preparticipation Sports Examination for High School and College Athletes

Grafe, Michael; Paul, Greg; Foster, Timothy E.

doi:10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70043-0

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Auscultation should also occur during various maneuvers (eg, squat to stand, deep inspiration, Valsalva) that may alter the intensity of the murmur and assist in clarifying the underlying cardiac abnormality. 22 Any systolic murmur grade 3 through 6 or louder, any murmur that disrupts normal heart sounds, any diastolic murmur, or any murmur that intensifies with the previously described maneuvers should be evaluated further with diagnostic studies (eg, ECG, echocardiography) or consultation before participation. Sinus bradycardia and systolic murmurs are common, occurring in more than 50% and between 30% and 50% of athletes, respectively, and may not warrant further evaluation in the asymptomatic athlete.…”

Section: Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Athletes with multiple concussions may experience long-term sequelae, and an unresolved concussion may lead to postconcussion syndrome and second-impact syndrome. 19,20,22,96 Despite the lack of universal agreement as to the definition of a concussion, commonalities do exist in the clinical, pathologic, and biochemical markers used to classify the presence of a head injury.…”

Section: Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An athlete who reports a history of concussion should be assessed to ensure that all symptoms have resolved, and a complete neurologic evaluation should be performed. 19,20,22,96 Many experts suggest that athletes with a history of 2 or 3 concussions without loss of consciousness or 1 or 2 concussions with loss of consciousness be referred for further evaluation. This referral usually includes neuropsychological testing, to establish neurologic function, and imaging studies.…”

Section: Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions

Conley

Bolin

Carek

et al. 2014

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: To present athletic trainers with recommendations for the content and administration of the preparticipation physical examination (PPE) as well as considerations for determining safe participation in sports and identifying disqualifying conditions.Background: Preparticipation physical examinations have been used routinely for nearly 40 years. However, considerable debate exists as to their efficacy due to the lack of standardization in the process and the lack of conformity in the information that is gathered. With the continuing rise in sports participation at all levels and the growing number of reported cases of sudden death in organized athletics, the sports medicine community should consider adopting a standardized process for conducting the PPE to protect all parties.Recommendations: Recommendations are provided to equip the sports medicine community with the tools necessary to conduct the PPE as effectively and efficiently as possible using available scientific evidence and best practices. In addition, the recommendations will help clinicians identify those conditions that may threaten the health and safety of participants in organized sports, may require further evaluation and intervention, or may result in potential disqualification.

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Section: Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions

Conley

Bolin

Carek

et al. 2014

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…11 The most common musculoskeletal injury to restrict an athlete from activity is a knee injury, followed by an ankle injury. 4 In musculoskeletal injuries, the chance of re-injury is high without proper rehabilitation. 16 Specific examples include patella and shoulder dislocations.…”

Section: Musculoskeletal Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

BokSmart: Pre-participation screening of rugby players by coaches based on internationally accepted medical standards

Patricios¹,

Collins²

2010

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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A comprehensive medical history forms a significant part of any medical assessment or screening. In the athlete, pre-participation screening is aimed at determining those aspects of personal and family history that place the participant at greater risk of sudden death, serious illness or musculoskeletal injury. In rugby union, where the incidence of head and neck injuries is higher than in other sports, emphasis needs to be placed on screening for potential risk factors for neurological injury. In a South African rugby environment, pre-season medical screening is not standard and indeed rarely practised. In most club and school settings, the rugby coach may well be the person most in contact with players and therefore in the best position to conduct an initial screening. This article reviews the relevant literature pertinent to such a guideline.

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“…Previous approaches to pre-participation testing included personal and family history as well as physical examination [3, 4, 11 -13]. Due to a high percentage of abnormal electrocardiographic (ECG) findings in HCM [14] and ARVD [5,11,12], an additional 12-lead ECG is recommended [15] since it has the potential to increase the sensitivity of the screening progress [5, 15 -17]. However, these tests and even performing an additional echocardiography may fail to detect risk factors especially with regard to coronary anomalies and subtle ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial fibrosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cardiovascular Disease in Elite Athletes Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Mangold

Krämer

Franzen

et al. 2013

Fortschr Röntgenstr

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Purpose: Sudden cardiac death [SCD] in competitive athletes is caused by a diverse set of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy [HCM/DCM], myocarditis, coronary anomalies or even coronary artery disease. In order to identify potential risk factors responsible for SCD, elite athletes underwent cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] imaging. Materials and Methods: 73 male [M] and 22 female [F] athletes (mean age 35.2???11.4 years) underwent CMR imaging. ECG-gated breath-hold cine SSFP sequences were used for the evaluation of wall motion abnormalities and myocardial hypertrophy as well as for quantitative analysis (left and right ventricular [LV, RV] end-diastolic and end-systolic volume [EDV, ESV], stroke volume [SV], ejection fraction [EF] and myocardial mass [MM]). Furthermore, left and right atrial sizes were assessed by planimetry and delayed enhancement imaging was performed 10 minutes after the application of contrast agent. Coronary arteries were depicted using free-breathing Flash-3?D MR angiography. Results: The quantitative analyses showed eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (remodeling index [MM/LV-EDV]: M 0.75, F 0.665), enlargement of the RV volumes (RV-EDV: M 122.6???19.0?ml/m?, F 99.9???7.2?ml/m?) and an increased SV (LV-SV: M?64.7???10.0?ml/m?, F 56.5???5.7?ml/m?; RV-SV; M?66.7???10.4?ml/m?, F 54.2???7.1?ml/m?). Abnormal findings were detected in 6 athletes (6.3?%) including one benign variant of coronary anomaly and abnormal late gadolinium enhancement in 2 cases. None of the athletes showed wall motion abnormalities or signs of myocardial ischemia. Conclusion: CMR imaging of endurance athletes revealed abnormal findings in more than 5?% of the athletes. However, the prognostic significance remains unclear. Thus, cardiac MRI cannot be recommended as a routine examination in the care of athletes. Key points: Citation Format:

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The Preparticipation Sports Examination for High School and College Athletes

Cited by 24 publications

References 93 publications

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions

BokSmart: Pre-participation screening of rugby players by coaches based on internationally accepted medical standards

Detection of Cardiovascular Disease in Elite Athletes Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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