The presence and distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine during the developmental stages of the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, with emphasis on settlement organs

Nontunha, Nittiya; Tinikul, Ruchanok; Chaichotranunt, Supakant; Poomtong, Tanes; Sobhon, Prasert; Tinikul, Yotsawan

doi:10.1007/s00441-023-03739-9

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Interestingly, the expression of the histaminergic marker HDC was absent in the ciliary bands until the bipinnaria stage and later detected throughout the ciliary band by the late brachiolaria stage. A similar observation of histaminergic and peptidergic innervation in late‐stage urchin larvae (Sutherby et al, 2012) and GABAergic innervation in late‐stage holothuroid larvae (Nontunha et al, 2023) has been observed in association with newly forming settlement structures. Past work investigating peptidergic marker expression has also documented increased expression of these markers in the brachiolaria complex of Asterias rubens larvae, suggesting that neuropeptides may play important roles in larval settlement (Mayorova et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…This species is part of the ambulacrian lineage, composed of our closest non-chordate invertebrate relatives (Dunn et al, 2008;Swalla & Smith, 2008). Larvae in this lineage share a similar basic body plan organization and functional morphology and utilize a highly innervated contiguous band of ciliated cells to coordinate complex swimming and feeding behaviors (Emlet, 1994, p. 199;Nielsen, 1987;Strathmann, 1971Strathmann, , 1975.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A description of the bat star nervous system throughout larval ontogeny

Pagowski

2023

Evolution and Development

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Larvae represent a distinct life history stage in which animal morphology and behavior contrast strongly to adult organisms. This life history stage is a ubiquitous aspect of animal life cycles, particularly in the marine environment. In many species, the structure and function of the nervous system differ significantly between metamorphosed juveniles and larvae. However, the distribution and diversity of neural cell types in larval nervous systems remains incompletely known. Here, the expression of neurotransmitter and neuropeptide synthesis and transport genes in the bat star Patiria miniata is examined throughout larval development. This characterization of nervous system structure reveals three main neural regions with distinct but overlapping territories. These regions include a densely innervated anterior region, an enteric neural plexus, and neurons associated with the ciliary band. In the ciliary band, cholinergic cells are pervasive while dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and GABAergic cells show regional differences in their localization patterns. Furthermore, the distribution of some neural subtypes changes throughout larval development, suggesting that changes in nervous system structure align with shifting ecological priorities during different larval stages, before the development of the adult nervous system. While past work has described aspects of P. miniata larval nervous system structure, largely focusing on early developmental timepoints, this work provides a comprehensive description of neural cell type localization throughout the extensive larval period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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confidence: 99%

A description of the bat star nervous system throughout larval ontogeny

Pagowski

2023

Evolution and Development

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“…This transformation has been described in Holothuria mexicana and Stichopus californicus [ 84 ]. The doliolaria nervous system also contains dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons associated with sensory structures including ciliated cells [ 112 ]. These neurotransmitters are involved in the regulation of ciliary beating and swimming behavior in echinoderms and other marine invertebrates [ 39 , 80 , 96 ], therefore an open question is whether the crosstalk of serotonergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic systems regulates these behaviors in holothurians.…”

Section: Cell Type Diversity and Evolution In Holothuriansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea cucumbers: an emerging system in evo-devo

Perillo,

Sepe,

Paganos

et al. 2024

EvoDevo

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A challenge for evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) biology is to expand the breadth of research organisms used to investigate how animal diversity has evolved through changes in embryonic development. New experimental systems should couple a relevant phylogenetic position with available molecular tools and genomic resources. As a phylum of the sister group to chordates, echinoderms extensively contributed to our knowledge of embryonic patterning, organ development and cell-type evolution. Echinoderms display a variety of larval forms with diverse shapes, making them a suitable group to compare the evolution of embryonic developmental strategies. However, because of the laboratory accessibility and the already available techniques, most studies focus on sea urchins and sea stars mainly. As a comparative approach, the field would benefit from including information on other members of this group, like the sea cucumbers (holothuroids), for which little is known on the molecular basis of their development. Here, we review the spawning and culture methods, the available morphological and molecular information, and the current state of genomic and transcriptomic resources on sea cucumbers. With the goal of making this system accessible to the broader community, we discuss how sea cucumber embryos and larvae can be a powerful system to address the open questions in evo-devo, including understanding the origins of bilaterian structures.

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“…Many bioamine neurotransmitters, such as 5-HT, dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, have been identified in different tissues of echinoderms using biochemical and histochemical methods [21,44,109,110]. These neurotransmitters are involved in regulating a variety of physiological behaviors in echinoderms, including reproduction, ovarian maturation, embryonic development, morphogenesis, settlement, and swimming behavior [21,93,[110][111][112][113]. At the same time, the effects of numerous bioamines on various echinoderm muscles have been examined, and their functional characteristics are highly variable [21,86].…”

Section: Bioamine Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the effects of GABA on the muscles of echinoderms are mainly discussed here. Immunocytochemical studies have indicated that GABA is mainly localized in nervous and muscular systems in echinoderms and plays an important role in the settlement of echinoderm larva [74,93,[120][121][122]. Pharmacological evidence suggests that GABA has different effects on echinoderm muscles: an excitatory effect in asteroids and echinoids and an inhibitory effect in holothurians [74,86,88,120].…”

Section: Amino Acid Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Chemical Messenger Regulation of Echinoderm Muscles

Liu,

Chen

2023

Biology

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The muscular systems of echinoderms play important roles in various physiological and behavioral processes, including feeding, reproduction, movement, respiration, and excretion. Like vertebrates, echinoderm muscle systems can be subdivided into two major divisions, somatic and visceral musculature. The former usually has a myoepithelial organization, while the latter contains muscle bundles formed by the aggregation of myocytes. Neurons and their processes are also detected between these myoepithelial cells and myocytes, which are capable of releasing a variety of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to regulate muscle activity. Although many studies have reported the pharmacological effects of these chemical messengers on various muscles of echinoderms, there has been limited research on their receptors and their signaling pathways. The muscle physiology of echinoderms is similar to that of chordates, both of which have the deuterostome mode of development. Studies of muscle regulation in echinoderms can provide new insights into the evolution of myoregulatory systems in deuterostomes.

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The presence and distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine during the developmental stages of the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, with emphasis on settlement organs

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

A description of the bat star nervous system throughout larval ontogeny

A description of the bat star nervous system throughout larval ontogeny

Sea cucumbers: an emerging system in evo-devo

Morphology and Chemical Messenger Regulation of Echinoderm Muscles

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