The Presence and Impact of Biofilm-Producing Staphylococci in Atopic Dermatitis

Allen, Herbert B.; Vaze, Nachiket; Choi, Catherine H.; Hailu, Tesfu; Tulbert, Brittain H; Cusack, Carrie Ann; Joshi, Suresh G.

doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.8627

Cited by 114 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Sweat has been shown to be an important instigator of biofilm production in diseases like AD due to both the water and salt components [11]. In our population, 40% of the patients were morbidly obese and 25% had diabetes mellitus This suggests that the two mechanisms may act in concert to afford microorganism's enhanced protection from the host immune response and lead to clinical worsening of disease [3].…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Biofilm Formation by Malassezia Furfur/Ovale as a Possible Mechanism of Pathogenesis in Tinea Versicolor

Hb¹,

Goyal²,

Ogrich³

2015

Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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Malassezia species exist as normal flora on human skin but can convert to a pathogenic state in response to a number of host and environmental factors ultimately resulting in tinea versicolor (TV). Biofilm formation represents one of the main mechanisms by which microorganisms maintain viability in hostile environments. We have shown that Malassezia furfur/ovale cultured from patients with active TV can produce biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of Malassezia to sweat in vivo is the likely trigger for biofilm formation (as it is in atopic dermatitis); we believe this biofilm formation is potentially responsible for both the pathogenesis and the chronicity of this infection. This gives rationale to biofilm-dispersing agents, such as selenium sulfide, as important components in the standard TV treatment regimen. Periodic use of such agents would conceivably prevent reinfection.

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Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The development of "subclinical miliaria" in AD is due to the obstruction of eccrine sweat ducts by biofilms produced by staphylococcus species. Mutations in filaggrin (or other) genes represents the first hit that initially predisposes patients to AD [11]. TV may follow a comparable double-hit hypothesis.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation by Malassezia Furfur/Ovale as a Possible Mechanism of Pathogenesis in Tinea Versicolor

Hb¹,

Goyal²,

Ogrich³

2015

Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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“…Patients with nonfunctional tumors can be diagnosed by CT scan, MRI scan or PET scan [3]. Functional tumors most commonly identified by the serial testing of urinary levels of 5-HIAA levels.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term carcinoid was coined by Oberndorfer in 1909 as "Karizinoide" as it had resembled a carcinoma [1][2][3]. Carcinoid syndrome is an uncommon and a rare disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perioperative Management of Carcinoid Syndorme-An Anaesthesiologist’s Perspective

Mvs¹

2016

J Anesth Clin Res

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Occurrence of carcinoid syndrome is very rare. So the expertise and literature on this syndrome is limited. Physiologically active substances that are secreted by the carcinoid tumour cause major problems for the anesthesiologist in the perioperative period. Preoperative preparation of the patient is the most important step that decides the recovery of the patient. Discovery of octreotide lead to the improvement in treating and decreasing the morbidity and mortality during surgery. If the surgery is palliative post-operative management also makes it difficult for the anesthesiologist. Extreme vigilance and common sense had to be applied during the surgery by the anesthesiologist. Pathophysiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and perioperative management are described in this article.

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Global Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis

Elizalde-Jiménez,

Ruiz-Hernández,

Carmona-Cruz

et al. 2024

JAMA Dermatol

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ImportanceIndividuals with atopic dermatitis are frequently colonized and infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Empirical antibiotic therapy for individuals with atopic dermatitis is common, but data about the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of S aureus strains isolated from these individuals are scarce for those living in particular geographic areas.ObjectiveTo determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of S aureus from individuals with atopic dermatitis and analyze differences according to the income level of the country of origin and the data collection period.Data SourcesA meta-analysis of the literature was performed from the inception of the included databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane) to June 20, 2023, using predetermined Medical Subject Headings.Study SelectionStudies were included if they reported antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 1 or more S aureus cutaneous isolates from individuals with atopic dermatitis. Articles written in English, Spanish, French, or German were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisWorking in pairs, 6 of the authors conducted the data extraction. The guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) were followed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome of interest was antimicrobial susceptibility.ResultsA total of 61 studies reported 4091 S aureus isolates from individuals with atopic dermatitis. For 4 of the 11 commonly used antibiotics (36.4%), antimicrobial susceptibility was 85% or less, including for methicillin (binomial proportion, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76-0.91]), erythromycin (binomial proportion, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.61-0.83]), fusidic acid (binomial proportion, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.62-0.91]), and clindamycin (binomial proportion, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.65-0.89]). Most studies (46; 75.4%) were conducted in high-income countries. Antimicrobial susceptibility to erythromycin, methicillin, and trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was significantly lower in lower middle–income countries and upper middle–income countries. Regarding the temporal trends, 33 studies (54.1%) reported data collected from 1998 to 2010. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns have not changed over time.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, antimicrobial susceptibility of S aureus to β-lactams, erythromycin, clindamycin, and fusidic acid may be suboptimal for empirical use in individuals with atopic dermatitis. Significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were found in high-income countries and in lower middle–income countries and upper middle–income countries for some antibiotics.

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The Presence and Impact of Biofilm-Producing Staphylococci in Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract: Biofilm formation by AD-associated staphylococci almost certainly plays a major role in the occlusion of sweat ducts and leads to inflammation and pruritus. We believe the environmental hit in AD relates to staphylococci and their biofilms, which occlude sweat ducts.

Cited by 114 publications

References 36 publications

Biofilm Formation by Malassezia Furfur/Ovale as a Possible Mechanism of Pathogenesis in Tinea Versicolor

Biofilm Formation by Malassezia Furfur/Ovale as a Possible Mechanism of Pathogenesis in Tinea Versicolor

Perioperative Management of Carcinoid Syndorme-An Anaesthesiologist’s Perspective

Global Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis

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