The Presence of Another Individual Influences Listening Effort, But Not Performance

Pielage, Hidde; Zekveld, Adriana A.; Saunders, Gabrielle H.; Versfeld, Niek J.; Lunner, Thomas; Kramer, Sophia E.

doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000001046

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…91 Alternatively, it is also seen that the presence of another individual during listening tasks causes an increase in listening effort. 93 94 The researchers state that increased motivation due to social evaluative stress to perform could be one of the reasons for this increased effort. Hence, emotions, motivation, and affect all have an impact on listening effort and may impact an individual's engagement and participation in communication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Expressions as an Index of Listening Difficulty and Emotional Response

Venkitakrishnan

2023

Semin Hear

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Knowledge about listening difficulty experienced during a task can be used to better understand speech perception processes, to guide amplification outcomes, and can be used by individuals to decide whether to participate in communication. Another factor affecting these decisions is individuals' emotional response which has not been measured objectively previously. In this study, we describe a novel method of measuring listening difficulty and affect of individuals in adverse listening situations using automatic facial expression algorithm. The purpose of our study was to determine if facial expressions of confusion and frustration are sensitive to changes in listening difficulty. We recorded speech recognition scores, facial expressions, subjective listening effort scores, and subjective emotional responses in 33 young participants with normal hearing. We used the signal-to-noise ratios of −1, +2, and +5 dB SNR and quiet conditions to vary the difficulty level. We found that facial expression of confusion and frustration increased with increase in difficulty level, but not with change in each level. We also found a relationship between facial expressions and both subjective emotion ratings and subjective listening effort. Emotional responses in the form of facial expressions show promise as a measure of affect and listening difficulty. Further research is needed to determine the specific contribution of affect to communication in challenging listening environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Expressions as an Index of Listening Difficulty and Emotional Response

Venkitakrishnan

2023

Semin Hear

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“…A review by Cooke et al also describes overt modifications to speech directed at listeners with HL aimed at promoting audibility, increasing coherence, enhancing linguistic information or decreasing cognitive effort associated with the listening task [ 98 ]. The present trend to include interlocutors or observers to enhance the ecological validity of hearing research suggests there is a growing awareness by cognitive hearing scientists of communication partners’ influence on adults with HL self-appraisal and consequently their self-management of real-world listening (for examples, see [ 99 – 101 ]). Understanding the communication mechanisms in interpersonal relationships will be key if measurement of communication ability is to be both valid and reliable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived listening ability and hearing loss: Systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis

Hughes

Boisvert²,

McMahon³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Hearing loss (HL) can affect communication in complex ways. Understanding how adults with HL reflect on and conceptualise the way they listen (metacognition) is required if interventions, and the outcome measures used to evaluate them, are to address barriers to functional communication arising from HL. Objectives This study describes how adults with HL experience and report the processes, behaviours, and components of listening, as presented in published studies. Design Systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Methods Systematic searches identified English-language, peer-reviewed journal articles reporting the results of qualitative or mixed-methods studies of adults’ with HL perceived listening abilities. Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to November 2021. Handsearching reference lists of included studies identified additional studies for inclusion. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist was used to appraise studies’ methodological quality. Data from included studies were analysed using thematic meta-synthesis. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of QUALitative (CERQual) approach assessed confidence in the review findings. Two reviewers independently completed all screening and quality appraisal. Thematic meta-synthesis and GRADE CERQual assessment was completed by one reviewer and confirmed by a second reviewer. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Results Data from 46 studies were included in the review. Thematic meta-synthesis identified six descriptive themes: 1) perceived listening ability; 2) external modifiers; 3) psychosocial impacts of hearing loss; 4) communication partner perspectives; 5) self-efficacy for listening; and 6) cognitive load. GRADE CERQual ratings for descriptive themes ranged from low to moderate confidence. Descriptive themes were related by analytic themes of liminality and reciprocity. Conclusions Adults with HL provide in-depth accounts of components and processes of listening, with studies reporting both cognitive and affective experiences consistent with theoretical models of metacognition. The findings will inform content generation for a hearing-specific patient-reported outcome measure of perceived listening ability in everyday communication.

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“…The first step may thus be a clear and commonly accepted definition of the concept of listening effort. Without a clear definition of the concept, we will struggle to differentiate it from other phenomena 22 -for instance, to decide whether a listening situation is more effortful or more arousing 11,16 -to find (psychophysiological) measures that appropriately match our concept, 22,23 and to build a refined theory of listening effort. 24 Psychophysiological measures can be viewed as proxies to self-report measures of subjectively perceived listening effort-a rating or other type of assessment of the individual's perception of how effortful listening is-which in common language may be viewed as the most meaningful definition of listening effort.…”

Section: Selection Of Appropriate Physiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 2019 and 2021, Clarivate's Web of Science database lists a total of 239 articles with the term "listening effort" in the title, abstract, or keywords. Among these articles, 35% (81) employed at least one physiological measure to examine listening effort; 7% (16) employed more than one physiological measure. The variety of measures used was large, and included measures directly indexing brain activity, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha oscillations, 1,2 EEG-evoked potential components, 3,4 functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), 5,6 and peripheral measures, such as skin conductance, 7,8 pupil diameter, 9,10 heart rate variability, 11,12 and cardiovascular preejection period.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Our discussion strongly draws on the experience that we have gained in the context of the HEAR-ECO project (http:// hear-eco.eu/) in which we employed several physiological measures to examine listening effort. 11,13,[15][16][17][18] The topics that we are going to discuss here are (1) the selection of appropriate physiological measures, (2) the simultaneous assessment of multiple physiological signals, (3) the aggregation and combination of simultaneously assessed physiological measures, and (4) the statistical analyses of multiple physiological measures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Combining Multiple Psychophysiological Measures of Listening Effort: Challenges and Recommendations

et al. 2023

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About one-third of all recently published studies on listening effort have used at least one physiological measure, providing evidence of the popularity of such measures in listening effort research. However, the specific measures employed, as well as the rationales used to justify their inclusion, vary greatly between studies, leading to a literature that is fragmented and difficult to integrate. A unified approach that assesses multiple psychophysiological measures justified by a single rationale would be preferable because it would advance our understanding of listening effort. However, such an approach comes with a number of challenges, including the need to develop a clear definition of listening effort that links to specific physiological measures, customized equipment that enables the simultaneous assessment of multiple measures, awareness of problems caused by the different timescales on which the measures operate, and statistical approaches that minimize the risk of type-I error inflation. This article discusses in detail the various obstacles for combining multiple physiological measures in listening effort research and provides recommendations on how to overcome them.

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The Presence of Another Individual Influences Listening Effort, But Not Performance

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Facial Expressions as an Index of Listening Difficulty and Emotional Response

Facial Expressions as an Index of Listening Difficulty and Emotional Response

Perceived listening ability and hearing loss: Systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis

Combining Multiple Psychophysiological Measures of Listening Effort: Challenges and Recommendations

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