The associations of environmental factors with human health and well-being now can be more precisely analyzed than before. Several multidisciplinary achievements advanced our understanding of the continuum of Benvironment and health outcomes.^Investments in multidisciplinary initiatives led to the development of many new tools that can pinpoint environmental factors, human exposure, and health outcomes on a wide range of scales-from global to even an individual. As environmental factors and human interactions cannot be completely examined without accounting for their spatial components and relationships, the improvements in geospatial data quality, technology, and analytical tools are playing a critical role to advance our understanding of environmental factors affecting human health and well-being. However, at the same time, researchers must be aware of the limitations of spatial data and tools, while conducting their studies. This special issue covers a wide range of geospatial health-related topics and methods including the climate change, neglected tropical diseases, vector-borne diseases, smartphone technology, healthcare utilization, health disparities, air quality assessment, asthma, water quality assessment, antimicrobial resistance, and machine learning. After intense reviews and revisions, the following 23 papers were selected for publication. While in many instances, the topics and methodologies of the papers significantly overlap, a brief discussion about the papers is provided below under loosely aggregated categorizations. Research topics Climate Extreme weather and related phenomena appear to be rising in frequency and intensity which pose growing health risks to human populations. Liss and Naumova (2019) conducted spatio-temporal analyses to examine the association between hospitalizations due to heat stroke in older adults in the United States with respect to heatwave sequence, time of arrival, and regional climate. Analyzing 16 years of daily hospitalization records, the authors found substantial differences in heat-related hospitalizations and response to heatwaves in different climate regions of the USA. As heatwaves are one of the major manifestations of the growing events of extreme weather, the authors suggested that the findings of this study could be useful for prevention as well as for decision support framework for heat-related medical care, which would be more essentials in the coming years. Wrable and her colleagues (Wrable et al. 2019) analyzed 8 years of monthly reported schistosomiasis to