The Presence of Benzene Homologs in the High Boiling Distillates of Petroleum.

Brooks, Benjamin T.; Humphrey, Irwin W.

doi:10.1021/ja02259a025

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“…Although the possibility of the presence of other than fiveand sixmembered rings among the highmolecular naphthenes of petroleum oils is not. excluded, as pointed out by Brooks and Humphreys (7), the total absence, so far as known, of such rings in the lower boiling .series makes their presence in the higher boiling series somewhat Jess probable. At the same time, it must be remembered that only a small proportion of the naphthenes ox en in the gasoline fraction have as yet been identified and that the presence of larger rings lias not been definitely disproved.…”

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confidence: 85%

Chemical Structure of Lubricating Oils

Mikeska¹

1936

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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This report presents a study of the structure of lubricating oils on the basis of synthetical rather than analytical work. Several series of hydrocarbons consisting of alkyl derivatives of benzene, naphthalene, and diphenyl have been prepared to determine the effect of chemical structure on their chemical and physical properties. A relationship is established for these hydrocarbons between their viscosity characteristics and chemical structure. This study includes such structural factors as length, unsaturation, and branching of side chains.The effects on viscosity of other characteristics such as cyclization, reduction of aromatic to hydroaromatic rings, multiplicity of side chains, and allocation of the latter in the nucleus, are also considered.© •IHE interest of chemists in the composition 1 of petroleum oils has remained unabated

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confidence: 85%

Chemical Structure of Lubricating Oils

Mikeska¹

1936

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Das Cracken der Oleinsäure unter hohem Druck (Über die Prozesse der thermischen Umwandlung der Olefine)

Petrow¹

1931

Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. A/B

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Y I~~I ) ] Petrow: Das Cracken der Oleinsaure unter hhem Druck. 1827 280. A. D. Petrow: DasCracken derOleinsiiure unter hohemDruck (mer die Prozesse der thermischen Umwandlung der Olefine).In einer Reihe von Untersuchungen K. Englers, W. Ipatiews und anderer Forscher 1) ist ein genilgena umfangreiches Material gesammelt, das nachweist, in welchem MaBe der Wechsel von Temperatur, Druck und Zeit die Verschiedenheit des entstehenden Pyrolysats bedingt. Das niihere Studium des Crackprozesses in seiner Abhiingigkeit von den Werten der genannten Faktoren bietet besonderes Interesse in Anbetracht der Rolle, die die verschiedenen Crackformen fur die rationelle Verwert u n g des Erdols spielen. Von den neueren Arbeiten, die den EinfluB der genannten Faktoren auf das Cracken der Erdol-Produkte systematisch verfolgen, seien genannt die von Ssachanow und Tilitschejewz) und die von J. Geniesse und R. Reuterq. Neben der Untersuchung des Crackens der naturlichen Erdol-Produkte ist es aber, wie von mir und von anderen Autoren4) hervorgehoben wurde, ZweckmaBig, auch das Cracken individueller Verbindungen (Sauren, die leicht in Kohlenwasserstoffe ubergehen, oder der Kohlenwasserstoffe selber) zu untersuchen, da das bei solchem Cracken entstehende kunstliche Naphtha, als einfacher gebautes Modell des naturlichen Erdols, ein dankbareres Untersuchungsmaterial darstellt , das geeignet xu sein scheint, einerseits auf das Dunkel, das noch uber manchen Fragen der Bildung und Zusammensetzung des Erdols liegt, neues Licht zu werfen, andererseits die Technologie der Crackprozesse zu verbessern.Mein Ziel war, die bei dauerndem Erhitzen unter Druck auf nicht zu hohe Temperaturen (hochstens auf 400 -420 O) verlaufenden Prozesse zu untersuchen, und ich hatte schon fri&er5) Gelegenheit zu bemerken, dafi die Pyrolyse der Linolensaure und der Myristinsaure zum Unterschied vom Cracken unter Atmospharendruck sowohl im Falle der gesattigten wie in dem der ungesattigten Saure dam fiihrt, dal3 im Crack-Benzin Naphthen-Kohlenwasserstoffe in uberdegender Menge vorhanden sind. In einer anderen Arbeit s, h a k ich zeigen konnen, daB, wenn in der gasformigen Phase des Pyrolysats Athylen enthalten ist, dieses letztere sich in Gegenwart von Zinkchlorid als Katalysator bei 280-3000 und unter Druck vorwiegend im Sinne der Olefin-Bildung polymerisiert, so daB im Endprodukt Diisob u t y l e n gebildet wird, wahrend obne Katalysator bei 4000 und hoher bekanntlich die Polymerisation zu Naphthen-Kohlenwasserstoffen vorwiegt. Nach Ipatiew ist das Schema: Athylen += Cyclohexan. Indem ich in der vor-I) Engler und R o u t a l a , B. 43, 4620 [rgog!; Engler und H a l m a i , B. 43, 397 ~rgro]; Engler und Severin, Ztschr. angew. Chem. 26, 153 [1912]; I p a t i e w , Joum. Russ. phys.-chem. Ges. 36, 813 [1go4]. 43, 1420 [ I~I I ] ; I p a t i e w und Petrow, B. 59.

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The Basis for Future Developments of Hydrocarbon Analysis, 1855–1965

Kurtz

1965

Hydrocarbon Analysis

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The title of this talk “The Basis For Future Developments of Hydrocarbon Analysis”, is a large order. It ia true that future work is always based on what has gone before, on what is currently known. It is also true that ideas and techniques currently unrelated to the petroleum industry may suddenly emerge as of primary importance in hydrocarbon analysis, because of the development of some previously unheard of analytical technique. In this paper, I will try to cover the development of hydrocarbon analysis up to the present time, and to do just a little speculating about the future. No matter how well this is done, I am sure that a few years hence some new factors will become important in hydrocarbon analysis, which we cannot now foresee. Hydrocarbon analysis seems to be that sort of a subject. The course of events is far from predictable, but this does not mean that a good knowledge of the background does not have real value. We believe that it has. In approaching this large order of historical material, I believe that the best feel for the forward march of events in hydrocarbon analysis can be achieved by considering periods. This means considering the advances in the petroleum industry broadly, since the analytical needs and demands changed and multiplied as the industry developed. I am not aware of any historical treatment of this subject in the literature, and therefore have undertaken to write a text for publication which, if I read it today, would keep me talking for several hours. I am supposed to wind up this talk in about 25 to 30 minutes, therefore I can only give you today a small part of what I am preparing for publication. In selecting items to present from the wealth of material available, I have tried to pick out what will be interesting, even though historically other items may be more important. Today, I hope to give you some feeling for the broad picture of analytical progress in our field over the last 110 years. I regret that the limitation of time will not permit a more precise historical balance than is possible in such a brief presentation.

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The Presence of Benzene Homologs in the High Boiling Distillates of Petroleum.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical Structure of Lubricating Oils

Chemical Structure of Lubricating Oils

Das Cracken der Oleinsäure unter hohem Druck (Über die Prozesse der thermischen Umwandlung der Olefine)

The Basis for Future Developments of Hydrocarbon Analysis, 1855–1965

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