The presence of Brucella ceti ST26 in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) with meningoencephalitis from the Mediterranean Sea

Alba, Patricia; Terracciano, Giuliana; Franco, Alessia; Lorenzetti, Serena; Cocumelli, Cristiano; Fichi, Gianluca; Eleni, Claudia; Zygmunt, Michel S.; Cloeckaert, Axel; Battisti, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.023

Cited by 38 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…and T. gondii coinfection, along with the severe stress confirmed by the burdens of different persistent organic pollutants and by the emaciation, likely acted as predisposing factors for the development of the L. monocytogenes-associated brain lesions found in the dolphin under study. In this respect, while B. ceti frequently behaves as a primary neurotropic pathogen in striped dolphins (Hernández-Mora et al 2008, Alba et al 2013, the potential of mixed infections to give rise to more severe disease patterns in free-ranging cetaceans should also be emphasized. This is clearly exemplified by the frequent cases of dolphin morbillivirus (DMV)-T. gondii coinfection among Mediterranean striped dolphins affected by the dramatic DMV epidemic that occurred between 1990 and 1992 (Domingo et al 1992), as well as by the cases of T. gondii-Sarcocystis neurona coinfection in wild marine mammals from the northeastern Pacific region, in which higher mortality rates and more severe encephalitic lesions were found in comparison to animals infected by T. gondii alone (Gibson et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have not previously been detected along the Ligurian coast. The occurrence of related pathological changes in brain, blubber, liver and spleen (Tryland et al 2005, Hernández-Mora et al 2008, Nymo et al 2011, Alba et al 2013, coupled with the molecular identification of Brucella spp. in blubber, brain, spleen and lung and with seropositivity (albeit achieved using B. abortus and B. melitensis as antigens), suggest that this striped dolphin displayed a clinico-pathological disease phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxoplasma gondii meningoencephalitis has been reported in odontocetes (Di Guardo et al 2010), having been also detected in Brucella ceti-coinfected striped dolphins (González et al 2002, Alba et al 2013). Here we describe the first case of neurolisteriosis due to L. monocytogenes associated with T. gondii and Brucella spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Meningoencephalitis and Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella spp. coinfection in a dolphin in Italy

Grattarola¹,

Giorda²,

Iulini³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella spp. can infect a wide range of species, including humans. In cetaceans, meningoencephalitis has been associated with T. gondii and Brucella spp. infection, whereas to our knowledge, L. monocytogenes infection has not previously been reported. Meningoencephalitis and L. monocytogenes, T. gondii and Brucella spp. were identified by means of both direct and indirect laboratory techniques in an adult female striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba found stranded in January 2015 on the Ligurian Sea coast, northwestern Italy. The animal was emaciated, and histopathology disclosed severe meningoencephalitis. The nature of the inflammatory response and intra-lesional protozoa were consistent with a mixed infection by L. monocytogenes, T. gondii and Brucella spp. We believe this is an unprecedented case of infection by 3 zoonotic pathogens and also the first bacteriologically confirmed case report of neurolisteriosis in cetaceans. Cerebral toxoplasmosis and neurobrucellosis may have led to the animal's disorientation and stranding, with L. monocytogenes having likely exacerbated the coinfection leading to the demise of this dolphin. KEY WORDS: Meningoencephalitis · Toxoplasmosis · Listeriosis · Brucellosis · Stenella coeruleoalbaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meningoencephalitis and Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella spp. coinfection in a dolphin in Italy

Grattarola¹,

Giorda²,

Iulini³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Brucellosis was isolated from dolphins in the area of Galipolli Lido Pizzo in March 2012 and again in November 2012 from dolphins in the area Porto Cesareo Bacino. Both isolates were molecularly confirmed to belong to the strain B. ceti ST 26 [19]. (Figure 1, number 2).…”

Section: Distribution Of Brucellosis In Marine Mammals In the Meditermentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In less comprehensive studies, seroprevalence ranges from 0 to 80%. Positive serological reactions have been confirmed in 35 whale species and 14 seal species, two sea otter subspecies, onefreshwater otter species, and in the polar bear [1,19].…”

Section: Distribution Of Brucellosis In Marine Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis in marine mammals, with special emphasis on the Republic of Croatia

Cvetnić¹,

Duvnjak²,

Đuras³

et al. 2017

Rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti

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SummaryAfter almost two decades of research and evidence of brucellosis in marine mammals, it has become widely known that this disease is prevalent in marine mammals on a global scale. Positive animals have been found in the northern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea and in the Arctic, including the Barents Sea. Infected or exposed animals have been detected along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America, off the coasts of Peru, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, the Solomon Islands, and in the Antarctic Ocean. Brucellosis most commonly occurs in the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), followed by the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), shortbeaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata). A positive serological reaction has been confirmed in 35 species of whales and 14 species of seals, two subspecies of sea otters, one species of freshwater otter and the polar bear. To date, brucellosis has been found in marine mammals in the Mediterranean Sea in Italy and Spain. The first research on brucellosis in dolphins in the Republic of Croatia began in 2015. Brucella sp. was isolated from the lymph node of a bottlenose dolphin found dead in the Poreč region. This was the first evidence of brucellosis in dolphins in the Adriatic Sea. The isolated sample was identified as Brucella ceti strain ST27, making this the first record of this strain in Europe, which may present a significant threat to human health.

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B rucella

Scholz

Banai

Cloeckaert

et al. 2018

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Bru.cel'la . L. dim. ending ‐ ella ; N.L. fem. n. Brucella named after Sir David Bruce, who first recognized the organism causing undulant (Malta) fever. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Brucellaceae / Brucella Brucella represents an expanding genus of potentially zoonotic pathogens originally associated predominantly with terrestrial livestock and companion animals but, in recent years, new species have been described particularly from the marine environment and wildlife sources. Highly genetically conserved. Most closely related to Ochrobactrum . Some newer species have been described as “atypical” based on phenotypes or genotypes that diverge from classically described species. Many species are facultatively intracellular pathogens of animals and/or humans with species and some biovars showing distinct host tropisms. Mostly isolated from clinical specimens or contaminated food products with many clinical strains requiring complex growth media and supplementary CO 2 for growth, especially on primary isolation. Colonies on serum‐dextrose agar or other clear media are transparent, raised, convex, with an entire edge and a smooth, shiny surface appearing in a pale honey color under transmitted light. Atypical species may present as mucoid spreading colonies. Growth of many species is improved by serum or blood. Optimal temperature for growth 37°C. Optimal pH for growth 6.6–7.4. Catalase and urease positive. Oxidase variable. Gram negative non‐motile cocci, coccobacilli or short rods. No capsule produced. Aerobic, possessing a respiratory type of metabolism and having a cytochrome‐based electron transport system with oxygen or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. Chemoorganotrophic. The genome typically comprises two circular chromosomes. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 57.1–59. Type species : Brucella melitensis (Hughes 1893) Meyer and Shaw 1920, 179 AL ( Streptococcus melitensis Hughes 1893, 235).

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The presence of Brucella ceti ST26 in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) with meningoencephalitis from the Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Meningoencephalitis and Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella spp. coinfection in a dolphin in Italy

Meningoencephalitis and Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella spp. coinfection in a dolphin in Italy

Brucellosis in marine mammals, with special emphasis on the Republic of Croatia

B rucella

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