The presence of <i>Theileria sergenti</i> in <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> overwintering in pasture in Japan

Fujisaki, Kozo; Itô, Yosiaki; Kamio, Tsugihiko; Kitaoka, Shigeo

doi:10.1080/00034983.1985.11811957

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The increase in T. orientalis infection is related to the seasonal activities of the vector ticks in the pastures [2]. Although Ixodid ticks are commonly found in the eastern part of Hokkaido [4], the presence of Haemaphysalis longicornis, a tick known to be a major vector of T. orientalis, has not been investigated [3]. Further studies are needed to identify the vector(s) capable of transmitting the infectious organism in these cold, eastern areas of Hokkaido.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Survey of Theileria orientalis Infection in Grazing Cattle in the Eastern Part of Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT. Theileria orientalis is one of the benign species of Theileria that is widely distributed in Japan and is sometimes responsible for serious economic losses in the livestock industry. In the present study, we surveyed the current status of T. orientalis infection in grazing cattle in the eastern areas of Hokkaido (Taiki, Otofuke, Shintoku, and Shin-Hidaka districts) using molecular methods, as well as traditional methods, of diagnosis. The genes encoding the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) and p23 of T. orientalis were identified using highly detectable polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results of the MPSP-PCR assay indicated that grazing cattle in these districts, after about 1.5 months pasturage, showed high rates of infection, ranging from 10.0-64.8%. Although the main MPSP and p23 genotypes detected were the Ikeda-or Chitose-types, an MPSP gene closely relating to that found in Okinawa prefecture, and a p23 gene closely relating to the Australian (Warwick) Buffeli-type gene, were found in the cattle in Shintoku and Shin-Hidaka districts. The present survey indicated that there were at least five types of T. orientalis classified by their MPSP genes in Hokkaido, Japan, and that T. orientalis infection rates are still high in this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Survey of Theileria orientalis Infection in Grazing Cattle in the Eastern Part of Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2009

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“…Stress appears to be a major factor in precipitating disease and therefore pregnant and recently calved cows are also at a high risk of developing clinical theileriosis [7, 12, 13]. Theileria orientalis is a vector-borne parasite with the ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis implicated in transmission in Japan [14–16], China [17], New Zealand [13] and Australia [18, 19]. While the sexual phase of the T. orientalis life-cycle occurs within the tick, mechanical transfer of the haploid erythrocytic phase has been shown to occur experimentally via lice in Japan [20], and can also occur by other mechanical methods [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplacental transmission of Theileria orientalis occurs at a low rate in field-affected cattle: infection in utero does not appear to be a major cause of abortion

Swilks

Fell

Hammer³

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundBovine theileriosis, caused by the haemoprotozoan Theileria orientalis, is an emerging disease in East Asia and Australasia. Previous studies have demonstrated transplacental transmission of various Theileria spp. but molecular confirmation of transplacental transmission of T. orientalis has never been confirmed in the field. In this study, cow-calf (< 48 h old) pairs were sampled across 3 herds; opportunistic samples from aborted foetuses or stillborn calves were also examined. Molecular (multiplex qPCR) and serological (ELISA) methods were used to determine infection prevalence and the presence of anti-Theileria antibodies in each herd. In addition, pregnant heifers and foetal calves were sampled at abattoir and tested for the presence of T. orientalis by qPCR.ResultsThe qPCR results indicated that, even though there was a high prevalence of T. orientalis infection in cows, the rate of transplacental transmission to their calves was low, with only one newborn calf from one herd and one foetus from the abattoir testing positive for T. orientalis DNA. Five aborted foetuses and stillborn calves, 3 of which were derived from a herd experiencing a high number of clinical theileriosis cases at the time of sampling, all tested negative for T. orientalis by qPCR. This suggests that in utero infection of calves with T. orientalis may not be a major driver of abortions during theileriosis outbreaks. Temporal monitoring of 20 calves born to T. orientalis-positive mothers indicated that T. orientalis was detectable in most calves between 10 and 27 days post-partum, consistent with prior field studies on adult cattle introduced to Theileria-affected herds. There was a positive correlation between the ELISA ratio of newborn calves and their mothers within 48 h of calving; however, maternal antibodies were only detectable in some calves and only for 4–4.5 weeks post-partum. All calves displayed high parasite loads peaking at 4–8 weeks post-partum, with only some calves subsequently mounting a detectable adaptive antibody response.ConclusionsThese findings indicate transplacental transmission of T. orientalis appears to play only a minor role in persistence of T. orientalis infection in the field; however calves are highly susceptible to developing high level T. orientalis infections at 4–8 weeks of age regardless of whether maternal antibodies are present post-partum.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2166-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It was suggested 21 that T. sergenti could be differentiated from T. orientalis and T. buffeli on the basis of the presence of “veil” structures, which were described only in the Australian T. buffeli (Queensland stock 22) and the British T. orientalis (Essex stock 23), and not in the Japanese T. sergenti (Fukushima stock 24). However, Fujisaki et al (1991) 25 reported the presence of veils within the T. sergenti Ikeda 26 stock. Veils were also clearly visible in our isolate, which is supportive of the latter observation, since the Jonggol‐1 isolate was genetically closer to the Ikeda stock than to any other Japanese T. sergenti or Australian T. buffeli stock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR Amplification and Sequence of the p33 Piroplasm Surface Antigen Gene of a Theileria Species Isolated from Cattle in West Java, Indonesia^a

Govaerts

Voet

Volckaert

et al. 1998

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Oriental theileriosis, a parasitic disease of cattle caused by protozoa of the Theileria orientalis/sergenti/buffeli group, has been reported in Indonesia but its causal agent had not yet been characterized. This study was carried out to isolate and characterize the parasite through comparison of its p33 piroplasm surface antigen gene sequence, with known p32 sequences of T. sergenti and T. buffeli isolates. A Theileria spp. isolate was collected from an Ongole cow in Jonggol, West-Java, and transferred into a splenectomized calf for antigen production. Piroplasms were extracted from erythrocytes by ammonium chloride-lysis, separated from unlysed leukocytes and parasitic DNA was phenol-extracted. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on genomic DNA with a pair of 20 bp primers showing consensus for the p32-35 nucleotide sequence of 7 known T. orientalis/sergenti/buffeli isolates. An 875 bp fragment was amplified, and further sequenced on both strands by the dye-labeled terminators method. It showed an 88% homology with the p33 nucleotide sequence of the Japanese T. sergenti Ikeda stock and a lesser homology with 6 other sequences of Australian T. buffeli or Japanese T. sergenti stocks. It was shown to share the presence of the Pst 1 and the absence of the HindIII restriction sites of the T. sergenti Ikeda stock and of one Australian T. buffeli stock, respectively. In conclusion, the affiliation to and the relative position of this Indonesian isolate within the T. orientalis/sergenti/buffeli group has been elucidated.

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The presence of Theileria sergenti in Haemaphysalis longicornis overwintering in pasture in Japan

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Epidemiological Survey of Theileria orientalis Infection in Grazing Cattle in the Eastern Part of Hokkaido, Japan

Epidemiological Survey of Theileria orientalis Infection in Grazing Cattle in the Eastern Part of Hokkaido, Japan

Transplacental transmission of Theileria orientalis occurs at a low rate in field-affected cattle: infection in utero does not appear to be a major cause of abortion

PCR Amplification and Sequence of the p33 Piroplasm Surface Antigen Gene of a Theileria Species Isolated from Cattle in West Java, Indonesia^a

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The presence of Theileria sergenti in Haemaphysalis longicornis overwintering in pasture in Japan

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Epidemiological Survey of Theileria orientalis Infection in Grazing Cattle in the Eastern Part of Hokkaido, Japan

Epidemiological Survey of Theileria orientalis Infection in Grazing Cattle in the Eastern Part of Hokkaido, Japan

Transplacental transmission of Theileria orientalis occurs at a low rate in field-affected cattle: infection in utero does not appear to be a major cause of abortion

PCR Amplification and Sequence of the p33 Piroplasm Surface Antigen Gene of a Theileria Species Isolated from Cattle in West Java, Indonesiaa

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PCR Amplification and Sequence of the p33 Piroplasm Surface Antigen Gene of a Theileria Species Isolated from Cattle in West Java, Indonesia^a