The Presence of Organizational Resources in Poor Urban Neighborhoods: An Analysis of Average and Contextual Effects

Small, Mario Luis; McDermott, Monica

doi:10.1353/sof.2006.0067

Cited by 207 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…20,40 In one national study, proportion Black at the zip code level, but not neighborhood poverty, was inversely associated with resources such as hardware stores, pharmacies, savings banks and convenience stores. 37 Across Baltimore, New York City (NYC), and Winston-Salem, the spatial distribution of supermarkets, parks, recreational facilities, and retail areas was racially patterned, with Black residents having the lowest access. Additionally, within NYC (815 block groups in Upper Manhattan), proportion Black was related to fewer supermarkets.…”

Section: Retail Redliningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retail Redlining in New York City: Racialized Access to Day-to-Day Retail Resources

et al. 2012

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Racial residential segregation is associated with health inequalities in the USA, and one of the primary mechanisms is through influencing features of the neighborhood physical environment. To better understand how Black residential segregation might contribute to health risk, we examined retail redlining; the inequitable distribution of retail resources across racially distinct areas. A combination of visual and analytic methods was used to investigate whether predominantly Black census block groups in New York City had poor access to retail stores important for health. After controlling for retail demand, median household income, population density, and subway ridership, percent Black was associated with longer travel distances to various retail industries. Our findings suggest that Black neighborhoods in New York City face retail redlining. Future research is needed to determine how retail redlining may perpetuate health disparities and socioeconomic disadvantage. Racial residential segregation is thought to be the foundation on which Black-White disparities in health status have been built. 42 Three primary mechanisms through which segregation operates include: (1) the concentration of poverty, (2) constrained access to economic and educational opportunity structures, and (3) neighborhood social and physical environments, including housing quality and the distribution of amenities and retail resources. 16,24,34,35,41,42 These pathways create economic, social, and physical contexts that determine the likelihood of conditions that foster, support, or sustain health.One of the primary constituents of a healthy neighborhood is the provision of public or private services that support people in their daily lives. 21 Public or private services include education, transportation, health care, and retail services. These services, along with the reputation of an area, are important neighborhood features. Reputation influences how areas are perceived by residents, service planners and investors, and in turn, availability of services. 21 Black segregated neighborhoods Kwate and Saldana are with the

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Section: Retail Redliningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retail Redlining in New York City: Racialized Access to Day-to-Day Retail Resources

et al. 2012

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“…A combined 14 Voucher holders also lived in areas that are less concentrated with racial/ethnic minorities (35 percent on average) than public housing movers (42 percent on average) (compared with the pre-HOPE VI Maverick Gardens census tract, averaging 50 percent non-White). 15 This qualitative component of the research was also part of a dissertation study that focused particularly on changes in social networks, economic stability, and health and was funded in part with a HUD Doctoral Dissertation Grant (see Curley, 2006Curley, , 2009. 16 During the first phase of relocation (in which 116 households relocated), 41 percent of residents moved on site (to older units that were scheduled for redevelopment in a later phase of the program), 39 percent moved to other public housing, 18 percent moved with vouchers, and 2 percent moved out of subsidized housing altogether.…”

Section: Neighborhood Institutions Facilities and Public Space: A Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Institutions, Facilities, and Public Space: A Missing Link for Hope VI Residents' Development of Social Capital?

Curley¹

2010

SSRN Journal

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“…Even though work by Allard (2004) and Small and McDermott (2006) indicates that poor neighborhoods may have more jobs and services than Wilson originally thought, Weinberg, Reagan, and Yankow (2004) find that despite living closer to employment opportunities, the poor still experience worse labor market outcomes. Research by Kirschenman and Neckerman (1991) suggests that neighborhood of residence is often used by employers to code for a job applicant's suitability as a worker.…”

Section: Neighborhood Economic Conditions Welfare Use and Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhoods, employment, and welfare use: Assessing the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic composition

Casciano

Massey

2008

Social Science Research

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We draw upon data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study to examine the effect of neighborhood socioeconomic composition on two key economic outcomes, and in doing so to test the validity of the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE) as a measure of neighborhood circumstances. Methodologically, we find that the index succinctly captures economic variation within neighborhoods in a way that avoids problems of colinearity that have characterized prior studies. Neighborhoods can be characterized as falling on a continuum ranging from concentrated disadvantage to concentrated advantage; the ICE measure does a good job capturing this variation and differentiating the neighborhood circumstances experienced by different groups. Substantively, we show that neighborhood economic circumstances are related to new mothers' welfare use and employment, above and beyond their individual socioeconomic characteristics.

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The Presence of Organizational Resources in Poor Urban Neighborhoods: An Analysis of Average and Contextual Effects

Cited by 207 publications

References 53 publications

Retail Redlining in New York City: Racialized Access to Day-to-Day Retail Resources

Retail Redlining in New York City: Racialized Access to Day-to-Day Retail Resources

Neighborhood Institutions, Facilities, and Public Space: A Missing Link for Hope VI Residents' Development of Social Capital?

Neighborhoods, employment, and welfare use: Assessing the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic composition

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