The presence of other grasses in perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures

Palmer, Patricia

doi:10.30843/nzpp.1970.23.10390

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A search of the New Zealand literature, focusing on the New Zealand Grasslands Association Proceedings and publications from the New Zealand Plant Protection Society (formerly known as the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society), gave strong evidence that sown species are replaced by weeds. Rumball & Grant (1972) analysed botanical composition data of pastures that were at least 3 years old, collected from 36 productive dairy and sheep farms (in Northland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Taranaki, Manawatu, Wairarapa and Nelson) by O'Connor & Gregg (1971) and by Palmer (1970). On one-third of these farms, weeds comprised 40 to 48% of the total dry matter.…”

Section: What Is a Weed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On one-third of these farms, weeds comprised 40 to 48% of the total dry matter. Further, on some of these farms, Palmer (1970) found that volunteer grasses (mainly browntop (Agrostis capillaris), sweet vernal (Anthoxanthum odoratum), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and Poa spp.) contributed over 20% of the total pasture component in 76% of the perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures, ranging in age from 5 to 20 years old.…”

Section: What Is a Weed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pastures were on dairy and sheep properties that were subject to better-than-average pasture management in the district. Palmer (1970) concluded that an indication of a weed's productive value and its impact on livestock and farm management would be valuable, given the prevalence of weeds in pastures. Yet today there remains a lack of information on the impact of weeds on dry matter production, intake and livestock performance.…”

Section: What Is a Weed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to browntop, barley grass is an example of a weedy grass that can dominate areas of high fertility such as stock camps, which have high levels of soluble cations, salinity, nitrogen and phosphate (Grant & Ball 1970;Palmer 1970). Other more desirable species are often unable to tolerate the high levels of salts found on stock camps, giving barley grass a competitive advantage in these situations.…”

Section: How Does Inter-specific Competition Influence Weed Ingress?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What factors lead to poor pasture persistence and weed ingress?

Tozer¹,

́t²,

Edwards³

2011

NZGA R&P Series

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In an ideal pasture, sown species would persist indefinitely and there would be no weeds. 'Poor persistence' occurs when the desirable species are replaced by weedy, undesirable species. Unfortunately, poor persistence of sown pasture plants is the reality that most farmers experience. In this paper we review the literature on three key factors leading to poor persistence and weed ingress: 1) inter-specific competition; 2) sward disturbance; and 3) propagule pressure. We reveal that grazing and other management decisions, pasture insect pests, nutrients, climate and the composition of the sown species mix have a critical influence on these factors, and hence over the replacement of sown pasture plants by weeds. The key practical message from this review is that farm practices that improve the vigour of sown species, reduce pasture gaps and minimise weed propagule pressure will improve the persistence of sown species and minimise weed ingress. An outstanding deficiency is our lack of knowledge of the economic impacts, and hence weed status, of most of the ca 187 volunteer plant species that may invade and replace sown plants in New Zealand's pastures.

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Section: What Is a Weed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is a Weed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is a Weed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Does Inter-specific Competition Influence Weed Ingress?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

What factors lead to poor pasture persistence and weed ingress?

Tozer¹,

́t²,

Edwards³

2011

NZGA R&P Series

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Starling (Sturnus vulgarisL.) predation on grass grub (Costelytra zealandica(White), Melolonthinae) populations in Canterbury

East

Pottinger

1975

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The main stages of the grass grub's life cycle available to starlings are third-instal' larvae (autumn and winter) and adults (spring). Starlings were observed to concentrate their probing within localised areas of high grass grub density during autumn and winter, but the birds appeared to probe randomly for grubs within these areas. Average starling numbers were 1711.5-2915.4 starling-hours per ha per day during autumn and winter in 0.25-to 0.8-ha plots in an area of irrigated pastureland at Winchmore containing an isolated grass grub infestation near a large starling roost. Exclusion studies in this area revealed that starlings inflicted mortalities of 40-60% on medium (400-600 per m-) and high C> 1000 per m 2) third-instal' grass grub populations between March and July and that this mortality prevented medium grass grub populations from increasing. Observational studies at Winchmore showed that starling feeding effort in 0.25-to 0.40-ha areas increased markedly when local grass grub density exceeded a threshold of approximately 150-200 per m 2 in the top 2.5-3.0 em of turf (a total population density of about 300-380 per m 2) • In three other study areas, which were more typical of Canterbury pastureland, average starling numbers during autumn and winter ranged from zero to 152.1 starling-hours per ha per day and exclusion of starlings did not significantly influence grass grub mortality. Starling predation on grass grub adults apparently has a negligible effect on grass grub populations. In the area of high predation at Winchmore, starling predation caused strongly density dependent mortality of grass grub populations over the range of densities from approximately 250-750 third-instal' larvae per m>. This predation, in combination with irrigation, high stocking rates, and grazing management which encouraged starlings to feed in infested paddocks, gave effective biological control of grass grub by preventing the population density from increasing above a level which caused moderate pasture damage in autumn but did not affect spring pasture production. Biological control of grass grubs by starlings may be possible only in localised areas with very high starling numbers.

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THE SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTROL OF POA TRIVIALIS IN RYEGRASS PASTURES

Haggar

1971

Grass and Forage Science

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A review of published information on the growth and productivity of Poa trivialis in relationship with perennial ryegrass is presented. The available evidence indicates that P. trivialis is usually outyielded by ryegrass, particularly under drought and infertile soil conditions. In addition, the quality and seasonal distribution of the yield is often of questionable value. It would therefore appear that P. trivialis can be considered an undesirable species in most intensively managed ryegrass pastures. Preliminary results from competition studies between F. trivialis and S23 perennial ryegrass confirm that the replacement of ryegrass by P. trivialis leads to a lowering of productivity. The latest control measures for preventing the invasion and/or removal of P. trivialis from ryegrass pastures are given, based largely on the use of selective herbicides.

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The presence of other grasses in perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

What factors lead to poor pasture persistence and weed ingress?

What factors lead to poor pasture persistence and weed ingress?

Starling (Sturnus vulgarisL.) predation on grass grub (Costelytra zealandica(White), Melolonthinae) populations in Canterbury

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTROL OF POA TRIVIALIS IN RYEGRASS PASTURES

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