The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater in 3 cities of Iran: Tehran, Qom and Anzali during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak

Nasseri, Simin; Yavarian, Jila; Baghani, Abbas Norouzian; Azad, Talat Mokhtari; Nejati, Ahmad; Nabizadeh, Ramin; Mirfazaelian, Hadi; Shafiei-Jandaghi, Nazanin Zahra; Vakili, Behnam; Vaghefi, Seyed Koushyar Azam; Baghban, Mahtab; Yousefi, Somayeh; Nazmara, Shahrokh; Alimohammadi, Mahmood

doi:10.1007/s40201-021-00629-6

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Besides testing the untreated wastewater, we also quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 8 samples of treated wastewater (four sampling weeks from both WWTP), which gave negative results for both plants (data not shown). This is in contrast with some recent studies that reported the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR in treated wastewaters and even in rivers (Nasseri et al, 2021;Rimoldi et al, 2020;Wurtzer et al, 2021Wurtzer et al, , 2020, although near the quantification limits. These findings could be important to indicate if the wastewater treatment technologies are being efficient in the removal of SARS-CoV-2 and could provide a comprehensive view on the fate of SARS-CoV-2 along the entire chain of WWTPs.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Detection In Liquid and Solid Wastewater Fractionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urban wastewater from Porto, Portugal: sampling and analysis protocols

Tomasino

Semedo

Vieira

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Research on the emerging COVID-19 pandemic is demonstrating that wastewater infrastructures can be used as public health observatories of virus circulation in human communities. Important efforts are being organized worldwide to implement sewage-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 that can be used for preventive or early warning purposes, informing preparedness and response measures. However, its successful implementation requires important and iterative methodological improvements, as well as the establishment of standardized methods. The aim of this study was to develop a continuous monitoring protocol for SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, that could be used to model virus circulation within the communities, complementing the current clinical surveillance. Specific objectives included (1) optimization and validation of a sensitive method for virus quantification; (2) monitoring the time-evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the city of Porto, Portugal. Untreated wastewater samples were collected weekly from the two WWTPs between May 2020 and March 2021, encompassing two COVID-19 incidence peaks in the region (mid-November 2020 and mid-January 2021). In the first stage of this study, we compared, optimized and selected a sampling and analysis protocol that included RNA virus concentration through centrifugation, RNA extraction from both liquid and solid fractions and quantification by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In the second stage, we used the selected methodology to track SARS-CoV-2 in the collected wastewater over time. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 39 and 37 out of 48 liquid and solid fraction samples of untreated wastewater, respectively. The copy numbers varied throughout the study between 0 and 0.15 copies/ng RNA and a good fit was observed between the SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in the untreated wastewater and the COVID-19 temporal trends in the study region. In agreement with the recent literature, the results from this study support the use of wastewater-based surveillance to complement clinical testing and evaluate temporal and spatial trends of the current pandemic.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Detection In Liquid and Solid Wastewater Fractionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urban wastewater from Porto, Portugal: sampling and analysis protocols

Tomasino

Semedo

Vieira

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The major goal of virus concentration techniques is to accomplish better recovery of viruses so that viral contagion in wastewater can be well-monitored and assessed for mitigation and prevention against virus outbreaks anticipated in future times. Both previous and latest studies have highlighted multiple methods of virus concentration such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation ( Hasan et al, 2021 ; La Rosa et al, 2020b ; Nasseri et al, 2021 ; Saththasivam et al, 2021 ), ultrafiltration and adsorption-eluting using an electronegative membrane ( Sherchan et al, 2020 ) and ultrafiltration columns, ultrafiltration over ultracentrifugation or PEG precipitation ( Baldovin et al, 2021 ) as depicted in Table 1 .…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Rna Detection Methods In Wastewater and Wastewater-based Epidemiology (Wbe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

Sangkham

2021

Journal of Environmental Management

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The entire globe is affected by the novel disease of coronavirus 2019 (COVID–19 or 2019–nCoV), which is formally recognised as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV–2). The World Health Organisation (WHO) announced this disease as a global pandemic. The presence of SARS-CoV–2 RNA in unprocessed wastewater has become a cause of worry due to these emerging pathogens in the process of wastewater treatment, as reported in the present study. This analysis intends to interpret the destiny, environmental factors and route of transmission of SARS–CoV–2, along with its eradication by treating the wastewater for controlling and preventing its further spread. Different recovery estimations of the virus have been depicted by the detection of SARS-CoV–2 RNA in wastewater through the viral concentration techniques. Most frequently used viral concentration techniques include polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration, electronegative membrane, and ultracentrifugation, after which the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV–2 RNA are done in wastewater samples through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) holds the key responsibility of eliminating pathogens prior to the discharge of wastewater into surface water bodies. The removal of SARS–CoV–2 RNA at the treatment stage is dependent on the operations of wastewater treatment systems during the outbreak of the virus; particularly, in the urban and extensively populated regions. Efficient primary, secondary and tertiary methods of wastewater treatment and disinfection can reduce or inactivate SARS–CoV–2 RNA before being drained out. Nonetheless, further studies regarding COVID-19-related disinfectants, environment conditions and viral concentrations in each treatment procedure, implications on the environment and regular monitoring of transmission need to be done urgently. Hence, monitoring the SARS–CoV–2 RNA in samples of wastewater under the procedure of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) supplement the real-time data pertaining to the investigation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the community, regional and national levels.

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“…Thirty-five studies reported the importance of SARS-CoV-2 detection in the environment as a tool to monitor the spread of the virus in the community (Agrawal et al, 2021a , Ahmed et al, 2021a , Ahmed et al, 2021b , Ahmed et al, 2020a , Albastaki et al, 2021 , Arora et al, 2020 , Bertrand et al, 2021 , Carrillo-Reyes et al, 2021 , D’Aoust et al 2021a , Davó et al, 2021 , Gerrity et al, 2021 , Gonçalves et al, 2021 , Gonzalez et al, 2020 , Graham et al, 2021 , Hasan et al, 2021 , Hokajarvi et al, 2021 , Johnson et al, 2021 , Kitamura et al, 2021 , Kumar et al, 2020 , Li et al, 2021a , Medema et al, 2020 , Miyani et al, 2020 , Mlejnkova et al, 2020 , Nasseri et al, 2021 , Petala et al, 2021 , Saththasivam et al, 2021 , Sharma et al, 2021 , Sherchan et al, 2020 , Tanhaei et al, 2021 , Wang et al, 2020 , Weidhaas et al, 2021 , Westhaus 2021 , Wu et al, 2020 , Wurtzer et al, 2020 , Zhou et al, 2021 ). Some limited their analyses to the presence or absence of the virus in wastewater without attempting to link wastewater data to epidemiological findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a few studies reported only on the first detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in a certain country, without examining correlations with clinical data. These studies were performed in the following countries: Bangladesh (Ahmed et al, 2021b ); Finland (Hokajarvi et al, 2021 ), Michigan (Miyani et al, 2020 ), and Tehran (Nasseri et al, 2021 ; Tanhaei et al, 2021 ). SARS-CoV-2 occurrence and trends in congregate living settings …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A State-of-the-Art Scoping Review on SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage Focusing on the Potential of Wastewater Surveillance for the Monitoring of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ferraro

Veneri²,

Mancini

et al. 2021

Food Environ Virol

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The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater in 3 cities of Iran: Tehran, Qom and Anzali during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak

Cited by 46 publications

References 66 publications

Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urban wastewater from Porto, Portugal: sampling and analysis protocols

Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urban wastewater from Porto, Portugal: sampling and analysis protocols

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

A State-of-the-Art Scoping Review on SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage Focusing on the Potential of Wastewater Surveillance for the Monitoring of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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