The Presence of Toxic and Non-Toxic Cyanobacteria in the Sediments of the Limpopo River Basin: Implications for Human Health

Magonono, Murendeni; Oberholster, Paul Johan; Shonhai, Addmore; Makumire, Stanley; Gumbo, Jabulani R.

doi:10.3390/toxins10070269

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Otherwise, however, the majority of sedimentary DNA was likely from cyanobacteria strains that did not contain microcystin or nodularin biosynthesis genes and therefore did not produce hepatotoxic blooms. Similar studies found cyanobacterial microcystin ( mcyA, mcyB, mcyD, mcyE ), nodularin ( ndaF ), and anatoxin ( anaC, anaF ) coding genes in up to 1000-years-old lake and river sediment samples using classic PCR, nested PCR, and qPCR methods ( Legrand et al, 2016 , 2017a , 2019 ; Monchamp et al, 2016 ; Magonono et al, 2018 ; Pilon et al, 2019 ). Consequently, it could also be useful to adapt a nested or qPCR method for lowering the detection limit of cyanotoxin genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Cyanobacterial Akinete Distribution, Viability, and Cyanotoxin Records in Sediment Archives From the Northern Baltic Sea

et al. 2021

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Cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales, including Baltic Sea bloom-forming taxa Nodularia spumigena, Aphanizomenon flosaquae, and Dolichospermum spp., produce resting stages, known as akinetes, under unfavorable conditions. These akinetes can persist in the sediment and germinate if favorable conditions return, simultaneously representing past blooms and possibly contributing to future bloom formation. The present study characterized cyanobacterial akinete survival, germination, and potential cyanotoxin production in brackish water sediment archives from coastal and open Gulf of Finland in order to understand recent bloom expansion, akinete persistence, and cyanobacteria life cycles in the northern Baltic Sea. Results showed that cyanobacterial akinetes can persist in and germinate from Northern Baltic Sea sediment up to >40 and >400 years old, at coastal and open-sea locations, respectively. Akinete abundance and viability decreased with age and depth of vertical sediment layers. The detection of potential microcystin and nodularin production from akinetes was minimal and restricted to the surface sediment layers. Phylogenetic analysis of culturable cyanobacteria from the coastal sediment core indicated that most strains likely belonged to the benthic genus Anabaena. Potentially planktonic species of Dolichospermum could only be revived from the near-surface layers of the sediment, corresponding to an estimated age of 1–3 years. Results of germination experiments supported the notion that akinetes do not play an equally significant role in the life cycles of all bloom-forming cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. Overall, there was minimal congruence between akinete abundance, cyanotoxin concentration, and the presence of cyanotoxin biosynthetic genes in either sediment core. Further research is recommended to accurately detect and quantify akinetes and cyanotoxin genes from brackish water sediment samples in order to further describe species-specific benthic archives of cyanobacteria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Cyanobacterial Akinete Distribution, Viability, and Cyanotoxin Records in Sediment Archives From the Northern Baltic Sea

et al. 2021

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“…NODs were reported in South Africa [172] and Nigeria [171]. Besides, MCs, NODs and CYNs were also found in several riverside countries along the Limpopo River [173]. STXs were reported in Morocco [174] and Nigeria [171].…”

Section: Distribution Of Cyanotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins on Structural Characterization, Distribution and Identification: A Systematic Review

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2019

Toxins

135

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The widespread distribution of cyanobacteria in the aquatic environment is increasing the risk of water pollution caused by cyanotoxins, which poses a serious threat to human health. However, the structural characterization, distribution and identification techniques of cyanotoxins have not been comprehensively reviewed in previous studies. This paper aims to elaborate the existing information systematically on the diversity of cyanotoxins to identify valuable research avenues. According to the chemical structure, cyanotoxins are mainly classified into cyclic peptides, alkaloids, lipopeptides, nonprotein amino acids and lipoglycans. In terms of global distribution, the amount of cyanotoxins are unbalanced in different areas. The diversity of cyanotoxins is more obviously found in many developed countries than that in undeveloped countries. Moreover, the threat of cyanotoxins has promoted the development of identification and detection technology. Many emerging methods have been developed to detect cyanotoxins in the environment. This communication provides a comprehensive review of the diversity of cyanotoxins, and the detection and identification technology was discussed. This detailed information will be a valuable resource for identifying the various types of cyanotoxins which threaten the environment of different areas. The ability to accurately identify specific cyanotoxins is an obvious and essential aspect of cyanobacterial research.

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“…Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene could be used to identify some potentially toxic cyanobacterial genera. However, accurate diagnosis of bloom samples may be difficult, as both toxic and non-toxic strains are erratically distributed in an algal bloom 28 . ELISA have been successfully used by many researchers for detection of Microcystin and it also serves as a correlation with the molecular data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Toxigenic Microcystis spp in Major Water Bodies of North East India

Rajkonwar¹,

Bora²,

Reddy³

et al. 2020

Def. Life. Sc. Jl.

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Toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms in the water bodies represent a major ecological problem around the world. Some species produces a diverse range of toxins that have hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, cytotoxic and dermatoxic activity and hence have deleterious effect on humans, animals and fishes leading to death as well. Cultural eutrophication of water bodies leads to increased incidence of these harmful cyanobacterial blooms worldwide. North-East India being a biodiversity hotspot harbor many species of cyanobacteria. Few reports suggested presence of few toxigenic cyanobacteria in the water bodies of Assam, but no systematic studies have been undertaken to evaluate their toxicity. This work is being conducted to gather information on major toxigenic cyanobacteria, with special emphasis to microcystin (a cyclic heptapeptides with high acute and chronic toxicities to humans and animals) producing strains. Water samples have been collected from few water bodies of North-East and enriched in specific media. The toxin Microcystin was detected using specific ELISA kit and positive results have been obtained. Further, 16s rDNA sequencing was employed for molecular identification of the strains.

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The Presence of Toxic and Non-Toxic Cyanobacteria in the Sediments of the Limpopo River Basin: Implications for Human Health

Cited by 27 publications

References 73 publications

Cyanobacterial Akinete Distribution, Viability, and Cyanotoxin Records in Sediment Archives From the Northern Baltic Sea

Cyanobacterial Akinete Distribution, Viability, and Cyanotoxin Records in Sediment Archives From the Northern Baltic Sea

The Diversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins on Structural Characterization, Distribution and Identification: A Systematic Review

Occurrence of Toxigenic Microcystis spp in Major Water Bodies of North East India

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