The Present Situation of Landscape Destructions on the Cultural Property Gardens in Tokyo

Visitors' Perception of High-rise Building Effect on the Scenery of Traditional Gardens: A Case Study in Hama-rikyu Gardens, Tokyo

“…Tsukuba, Tokyo Bay, Boso Peninsula and Shinagawa Bay have been disappeared [32,34]. According to Shinji et al [10], the impact of the high-rise buildings caused landscape destruction in Hama-rikyu Gardens, and this garden was found to be the one in which the building impact was the highest [10]. However, no studies have been done regarding the visitor opinions on this issue.…”

“…Since high-rise buildings have filled the air of the city, Daimyo Gardens had to replace their background views with those buildings. Regarding the issue, some studies have been done to analyze the visual impact of the visible surrounding buildings on traditional Japanese gardens, and the results have indicated that the visibility of external buildings have a negative impact on visual quality of the gardens and cause landscape destruction [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Besides, an empirical study has demonstrated that a majority number of the visitors of a traditional Japanese garden (Ritsurin Garden in Takamatsu city) judged the visible external buildings as causing a negative impact and they supported conservation actions for reducing the conspicuousness of the building views [12].…”

“…The previous studies about the visual impact of the high-rise building views on the traditional Japanese gardens dealt with the issue with the objective approach 138 Visitors' Perception of High-rise Building Effect on the Scenery of Traditional Gardens: A Case Study in Hama-rikyu Gardens, Tokyo [10,11,[13][14][15], but the studies gauging visitor's preference is limited [12]. In this regard, this research was conducted to understand the garden visitors' perception and convey those indices to the experts to gain a better understanding of visitor preferences.…”

Visual Effect of Modern Buildings on a Traditional Japanese Garden

“…The previous studies regarding the issue have demonstrated the negative impact of high-rise buildings on Japanese gardens. Moreover, they stated that the surroundings of the gardens need to be controlled urgently since the original spirit is under the threat of devaluation (Lin et al, 2017;Shinji, 2015;Shinobe, 2012;Koizumi and Ishikawa 2007;Arifin and Masuda, 1997;Shinji et al, 1989). However, most these studies were done with objectivist approaches whereas the research addressing the issue by considering the subjective appraisals of users is still limited (Senoglu et al, 2018;Arifin and Masuda, 1998).…”

“…These sceneries have disappeared due to the erection of many modern high-rise buildings at the surroundings of the garden. The previous studies regarding the issue revealed the negative impact of the external buildings on the garden's scenery with objectivist approach (Koizumi and Ishikawa, 2007;Shinji et al, 1989). However, since the studies considering the visitors' perception on this issue (Senoglu et al, 2018) is still limited, this garden is thought to be an important research area where the effect of surrounding modern buildings should be investigated in the context of visitor judgments.…”