The present state of the use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in concrete

Hamada, Hussein M.; Jokhio, Gul Ahmed; Yahaya, Fadzil Mat; Humada, Ali M.; Gul, Yasmeen

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.227

Cited by 166 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…In 2011, the production rate of palm oil was 48% in Indonesia, 38% in Malaysia, and 3% in Thailand [7,8,9]. Increasing the production of palm oil leads to the generation of a huge quantity of waste materials such as POFA [10] that have high content of silica and serious effects on the surrounding environment if not used in other industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase of cement content in the concrete automatically reflects in the increase of the construction cost [12] thus, the increase in the cement production will result in rise in the consumption of electrical energy, besides raising the CO 2 emission, which can cause irreversible environmental damages [12,13]. Many researchers studied adding POFA as a partial replacement of cement to get high compressive strength [10,14,15] because the high silica content in it makes it a good pozzolanic material. Therefore, POFA considered one of the significant pozzolanic materials that contain a high quantity of silica in their chemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental benefits of incorporating palm oil fuel ash in cement concrete and cement mortar

et al. 2020

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Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product waste material from palm oil with many economic and environmental benefits. A lack of enough information on the advantages of POFA in the concrete production in various proportions was the main cause to carry out this work. This paper shows advantages of POFA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete production, especially cement mortar. The data collection has been done from the literature review related to the use of POFA as partial cement replacement in the production of cement concrete and mortar. Therefore, this paper can potentially become a guide for researchers and manufacturers to use POFA in various proportions to replace the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in cement concrete and mortar. The positive and negative impact resulting from this material has been discussed carefully. This study recommends that researchers and academics should perform more experimental works in order to illustrate the desired benefits from POFA as cement replacement, thus mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of cement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental benefits of incorporating palm oil fuel ash in cement concrete and cement mortar

et al. 2020

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“…Currently, POFA usage is very limited and unmanageable, and most of it was disposed of in landfills. Consequently, it has caused numerous environmental problems [18]. The infiltration of POFA into the groundwater tables and aquifer systems if not curtailed poses serious challenges and potential health hazards to the public and the environment [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorus and COD from sewage wastewater using palm oil boiler ash composite adsorbent

Manikam

Halim²,

Hanafiah³

et al. 2019

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Sewage treatments are introduced in the country to protect the health of human and environment. In this study, palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was explored as an adsorbent media for the treatment of a sewage wastewater. The optimum shaking speed, shaking time, pH, and dosage for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and phosphorus removal were investigated using the adsorbent media of particle sizes ranging from 2.00 to 3.15 mm. POFA and composite POFA chemical composition and characteristics were then determined. Results indicated that sewage concentrations of COD (63.39 mg L-1), ammonia nitrogen (6.01 mg L-1), nitrate (0.63 mg L-1) and phosphorus (0.43 mg L-1). The optimum conditions for shaking were determined at 200 rpm according to the adsorption of COD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and phosphorus by the media. Optimum shaking time of 20 min for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate phosphorus and COD optimum shaking time is 30 min. The optimum pH value for COD, nitrate and phosphorus removal using composite POFA was obtained at pH 6 and for ammonia nitrogen is pH 9. Microstructures of the prepared composite POFA were analyzed using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and X-ray fluorescence measurements. These results suggest that composite POFA can be used as a potential effective, low cost and eco-friendly green adsorbent for the removal of COD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and phosphorus from sewage wastewater.

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“…Uncontrolled handling of this sludge can lead to environmental pollution and affects the aesthetic quality. Due to the harmful side effects of petroleum sludge, it has attracted many types of treatment methods such as centrifugation, solidification/stabilization, solvent extraction, land farming, pyrolysis, biodegradation, photocatalysis, ultrasonic treatment, incineration and others (Benlamoudi et al, 2017;Hamada et al, 2018;Hua et al, 2013). Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) method defines as a process that used to improve the geotechnical properties of unsuitable soils or to remediate contaminated waste materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Leaching Behavior Of Petroleum Sludge Waste Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash And Quarry Dust By Using Solidification/Stabilization Method

Haqeem*¹,

Hashar²,

Hamid³

et al. 2019

IJEAT

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In recent years, petroleum industry has generated huge amount of petroleum sludge. There are many types of treatment method in petroleum sludge (PS) and one of the treatments that arise the attention to treat the sludge is solidification/stabilization (S/S) method as it immobilizes and stabilizes the hazardous substances within a solid matrices. The main objectives of this research are to formulate the correct mixture of PS in S/S matrices and to stimulate the long-term leaching behaviour of S/S matrices in PS treatment with palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and quarry dust (QD) as partial cement and sand replacement respectively. The characterization of PS, POFA and QD were done by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Furthermore, different percentages of petroleum sludge (control, 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%) were incorporated with fixed 10% of POFA and 20% of QD replacement into S/S matrices. This research also includes a comparison of two different leaching test parameters such as liquid to surface area ratio, pH, and type of leaching solution on the samples. The leaching test conducted namely are Semi-Dynamic Leaching procedure (SDLP) and Static Leaching Test (SLT). The leachability results from SDLP and SLT indicated that all concentration for nine (9) heavy metals were below the permissible limit set by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1996) standards. In addition, the S/S effectiveness was evaluated by measuring effective diffusion coefficients (De) and leachability index (Lx). Results of S/S treatment shown that De values were lower and Lx values were higher than 8 thus the S/S can be disposed in sanitary landfill. As a conclusion, the results for the leaching behaviour of PS up to 10% incorporated with 10% of POFA replacement in cement and 20% of QD replacement in sand demonstrated minimum leaching of the heavy metals from S/S matrices. This indicated that S/S method could be an alternative disposal method for PS and has potential for replacing other

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The present state of the use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in concrete

Cited by 166 publications

References 137 publications

Environmental benefits of incorporating palm oil fuel ash in cement concrete and cement mortar

Environmental benefits of incorporating palm oil fuel ash in cement concrete and cement mortar

Removal of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorus and COD from sewage wastewater using palm oil boiler ash composite adsorbent

Long-Term Leaching Behavior Of Petroleum Sludge Waste Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash And Quarry Dust By Using Solidification/Stabilization Method

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