The presentation and classification of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder.

Kerns, Connor M.; Kendall, Philip C.

doi:10.1111/cpsp.12009

Cited by 219 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…A key issue in assessing anxiety-related symptomatology in ASD is that of differentiating between traditional cooccurring anxiety and Banxiety-like^presentations that may either be a manifestation of ASD features or an ASDspecific presentation of anxiety (for a review of this issue see Kerns 2012 andGadow 2010). A new ASD addendum to the ADIS has been developed to allow for clearer differentiation between traditional anxiety and symptoms which may be better explained as ASD-related anxiety or features of ASD (Kerns et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the previous conceptualisation of PTSD within DSM-IV was nested within the Banxiety disorders^category-emphasising the close links between PTSD and anxiety symptomatology. A large body of literature has now explored the co-occurrence of anxiety and other mental health difficulties in ASD (Kerns and Kendall 2012), and modified treatments for anxiety have been developed (Vasa et al 2014). Despite the symptomatology of PTSD being characterised by altered arousal, in addition to trauma re-experiencing, avoidance and negative alterations in cognition and mood (American Psychiatric Association 2013), this disorder has been noticeably neglected in studies exploring mental health difficulties in individuals with ASD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of the Assessment and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Rumball

2018

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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Individual differences are known to influence the risk of trauma exposure and development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has been suggested that features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may confer such risk. This article provides a systematic review of the assessment and treatment of PTSD in individuals with ASD, in addition to summarising the rates and presentation of PTSD within this population. Twenty-four studies met eligibility criteria. PTSD in children and adolescents was found to co-occur at a similar or greater rate compared to general population estimates, although current estimates come predominantly from treatment-seeking samples. Preliminary findings from case reports suggest traditional assessments and treatments for PTSD can be effective, although there is a shortage of well-controlled research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Assessment and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Rumball

2018

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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“…There is continuing debate among researchers as to whether anxiety in ASD is a true comorbidity or manifestation of core ASD symptoms. 50 Thus, it is conceivable that it might be difficult for parents and clinicians who are asked to rate anxiety in children participating in CBT studies to distinguish anxiety from the core and associated symptoms of ASD. For example, "insistence on sameness" is tied to anxiety due to changes in routines; repetitive behaviors may be performed to reduce anxiety, 51 and interruption of stereotyped behaviors often leads to anxiety.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Children With High-Functioning Autism: A Meta-analysis

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common and impairing problem in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is emerging evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) could reduce anxiety in children with high-functioning ASD.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence of using CBT to treat anxiety in children and adolescents with ASD. Methods for this review were registered with PROSPERO (CRD42012002722). METHODS:We included randomized controlled trials published in English in peer-reviewed journals comparing CBT with another treatment, no treatment control, or waitlist control. Two authors independently screened 396 records obtained from database searches and hand searched relevant journals. Two authors independently extracted and reconciled all data used in analyses from study reports.RESULTS: Eight studies involving 469 participants (252 treatment, 217 comparison) met our inclusion criteria and were included in metaanalyses. Overall effect sizes for clinician-and parent-rated outcome measures of anxiety across all studies were d = 1.19 and d = 1.21, respectively. Five studies that included child self-report yielded an average d = 0.68 across self-reported anxiety.CONCLUSIONS: Parent ratings and clinician ratings of anxiety are sensitive to detecting treatment change with CBT for anxiety relative to waitlist and treatment-as-usual control conditions in children with high-functioning ASD. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate CBT for anxiety against attention control conditions in samples of children with ASD that are well characterized with regard to ASD diagnosis and co-occurring anxiety symptoms. Pediatrics 2013;132: e1341-e1350 AUTHORS:

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“…In addition, diagnostic decisions are complicated by the potential unusual or atypical manifestation of social anxiety symptoms in ASD (Kerns and Kendall 2012;Kerns et al 2014). In a sample of 59 youth with ASD, Kerns et al (2014) found that 8.5 % exhibited active avoidance, somatic symptoms, or other behaviors indicative of distress (e.g., increased self-injury) in social settings, without an accompanying fear of negative evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbid Social Anxiety Disorder in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Maddox

White

2015

J Autism Dev Disord

183

126

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Social anxiety symptoms are common among cognitively unimpaired youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Few studies have investigated the co-occurrence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adults with ASD, although identification may aid access to effective treatments and inform our scientific efforts to parse heterogeneity. In this preliminary study, we examined the clinical presentation of SAD in adults with ASD (n = 28), relative to SAD uncomplicated by ASD (n = 26). A large subset (50 %) of the adults with ASD met diagnostic criteria for SAD. The adults with ASD plus SAD differed from those with ASD without SAD on several characteristics. Findings demonstrate that many adults with ASD are aware of their social difficulties and experience impairing social anxiety.

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The presentation and classification of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder.

Cited by 219 publications

References 123 publications

A Systematic Review of the Assessment and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

A Systematic Review of the Assessment and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Children With High-Functioning Autism: A Meta-analysis

Comorbid Social Anxiety Disorder in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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