The presentation of the chloride threshold level for corrosion of steel in concrete

Glass, Gareth K.; Buenfeld, N.R.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(97)00009-7

Cited by 462 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Microanalysis by X-ray energy dispersive system (EDS) revealed low level chloride concentration in all parts of the assayed samples, as well as CSH elemental chemical compounds. In opposite to the results presented by Glass and Buenfeld [19], the good performance of RS344 sample in corrosion potential testing may be attributed to the concrete compactness, since the authors concluded that sulfur resistant Portland cement (SRPC) has a low level binding of chloride.…”

Section: Electrical Propertiescontrasting

confidence: 63%

The influence of cement type and admixture on life span of reinforced concrete utility poles subjected to the high salinity environment of Northeastern Brazil, studied by corrosion potential testing

et al. 2004

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Reinforced concrete structures installed in coastal zones have constantly been threatened by environmental damaging elements. The chloride ion is known as one of the most aggressive of these elements, causing, among other damages, corrosion of the steel reinforcement and then degradation of the concrete matrix. The goal of this work was to determine the influence of cement type on the resistance and durability of reinforced concrete samples with 25 mm cover thickness, when submitted to aging in a 3.4% sodium chloride aqueous solution and in a high salinity marine environment. Reinforced concrete light poles were cast following the same batching procedures, and after the curing period, they were exposed to atmosphere in a corrosion station near Aracaju, Sergipe State, Northeastern Brazil's coast. Two concrete mixtures were made using CPII-F 32 (filler-modified Portland cement): a mix with no admixture and a mix with addition of 8% silica fume swapping fine aggregates. Another mixture was batched with CPV-ARI RS (high-early-strength Portland cement, with sulfur resistance). All the three mixtures were designed with cement content of about 350 kg/m 3 . The performance of the structures was evaluated from the results of physicochemical, mechanical and electrochemical testing, after over a year of natural aging. Corrosion potentials of the reinforced concrete samples and of the cast utility poles were measured in terms of the aging time at the natural environment and under chloride ion accelerated aging at laboratory. The half-cell potential measurements showed that the best results were obtained from the mixture containing CPII-F 32 cement and silica fume, followed by the concrete made with CPV-ARI RS cement. The mixture batched with CPII-F 32 cement without admixture presented the worst durability performance. Keywords: chloride ion, corrosion of steel reinforcement, degradation of concrete, reinforced concrete light pole, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Resumo Estruturas de concreto armado instaladas em zonas costeiras têm sido constantemente ameaçadas por elementos ambientais nocivos. O íon cloreto é conhecido como um dos mais agressivos destes elementos, causando, entre outros danos, corrosão da armadura de aço e posterior degradação da matriz de concreto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência do tipo de cimento na resistência e durabilidade de corpos-de-prova de concreto armado com

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Section: Electrical Propertiescontrasting

confidence: 63%

The influence of cement type and admixture on life span of reinforced concrete utility poles subjected to the high salinity environment of Northeastern Brazil, studied by corrosion potential testing

et al. 2004

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“…Specifically, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has attracted attention in this field because EIS can evaluate the corrosion resistance of steel by separating the resistance of the concrete. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] However, there are few reports which show the relationship between rust formation and EIS behavior of steel in concrete.…”

Section: Nano Structure Of the Rust Formed On Chromium Bearing Steel mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Structure of the Rust Formed on Chromium Bearing Steel in Concrete after Wet and Dry Corrosion Test

Nishimura

2015

ISIJ Int.

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“…Glass et al [28,29] published an interesting discussion on the chloride threshold level. These works report several values obtained by a number of authors in different conditions: (i) outdoors concrete structures and (ii) laboratory experiments using mortar, concrete, pastes and solutions.…”

Section: The Chloride Threshold Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride-induced corrosion on reinforcing steel: from the fundamentals to the monitoring techniques

Montemor¹,

Simões²,

Ferreira³

2003

Cement and Concrete Composites

444

142

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One of the most important causes for reinforcing steel corrosion is the presence of chloride ions. They cause localised breakdown of the passive film that initially forms on steel as a result of the alkaline nature of the pore solution in concrete. The harmful chloride ions can be originated from the use of contaminated mix constituents or from the surrounding environment. The determination of a critical level, above which serious problems can occur, has been one of the main goals of investigation. Unfortunately, it is difficult to establish such a value since the chloride level is influenced by several factors. Thus, after concrete contamination, it is of fundamental importance to follow the activity of chlorides and the state of the reinforcing rebars. In this respect, the use of electrochemical techniques such as polarisation resistance, electrochemical impedance, galvanostatic pulse and potential measurements have shown to be powerful tools. Nevertheless, the interpretation of the results becomes sometimes a difficult task. A large number of authors have dedicated several studies to the interpretation of such measurements and a highly dispersed number of interpretations can be found in literature. The aim of this paper is to present an overview on the state-of-the-art of the most important aspects of the corrosion process initiated by chlorides, its development and monitoring techniques.

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The presentation of the chloride threshold level for corrosion of steel in concrete

Cited by 462 publications

References 21 publications

The influence of cement type and admixture on life span of reinforced concrete utility poles subjected to the high salinity environment of Northeastern Brazil, studied by corrosion potential testing

The influence of cement type and admixture on life span of reinforced concrete utility poles subjected to the high salinity environment of Northeastern Brazil, studied by corrosion potential testing

Nano Structure of the Rust Formed on Chromium Bearing Steel in Concrete after Wet and Dry Corrosion Test

Chloride-induced corrosion on reinforcing steel: from the fundamentals to the monitoring techniques

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