Although private-sector actions grab headlines, public policy continues its important role in shaping health care systems.
b y L o e l S . S o l o m o nABSTRACT: This paper explores the impact of public policy on local health care systems in a representative sample of twelve U.S. communities. Site visits conducted in those communities suggest that public policy is an important force that shapes health system change, for instance, by establishing the underlying "rules of the game" for private and public actors and by influencing the decisions of national and regional entities to enter and exit local markets. These dynamics are explored through a discussion of several key policy areas, including Medicaid and Medicare managed care programs, state regulation of managed care, regulation of providers' rates, certificate-of-need rules, and oversight of conversions from nonprofit to for-profit status.T he t u mu lt u ou s pa c e of health system change is driven, in large measure, by private-sector actions such as the vote of a community hospital board to affiliate with a national hospital chain or the decision of a large employer to move its employees into managed care plans. Given the headlinegrabbing nature of these changes, it is easy to lose sight of the critical role that public policy plays in shaping health system change. This paper explores the impact of public policy on local health care systems in a representative sample of twelve U.S. communities being monitored as part of the Community Tracking Study, conducted by the Center for Studying Health System Change and sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF).1 The first round of site visits conducted between May 1996 and January