The preservation of some oral liquid preparations

Doorne, H. van; Leijen, J. B.

doi:10.1007/bf01870934

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…On the other hand, oral morphine with Simple Syrup requires the use of chloroform water as a preservative. Chloroform water has been an obsolete preservative for many years ago due to the concern of safety profile when used in certain populations [9], especially among the paediatrics population. Hence, the use of X-Temp ® OSS in the production of oral morphine solution provides a safer preparation for clinical use in broader demographics of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cost-outcomes-of-conversion-from-simple-syrup-to-x-temp-suspension-in-production-of-extemporaneous-oral-morphine-solution-in-hospital-tengku-ampuan-afzan

Zainal Abidin,

Haji Zunaidi

2023

Mal J Pharm

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Introduction: Oral morphine solution is produced extemporaneously in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA). Currently, X-Temp® oral suspension system (OSS), a commercially produced drug vehicle, is used to substitute Simple Syrup in the production of oral morphine solution. Within general hospitals, particularly in HTAA, there are no published documents or official studies on the cost comparison of using Simple Syrup and X-Temp® OSS in the production of extemporaneous oral morphine solution. Materials and method: This is a retrospective study on the batches of oral morphine solution produced using Simple Syrup and X-Temp® OSS. Data were obtained from Psychotropics and Dangerous Drug Registers, Excel data and other relevant databases. All data were further analysed and presented in tables, graphs, and charts whenever applicable and necessary. Results: The median cost per batch of oral morphine with Simple Syrup is RM71.73 (IQR: RM 0.986), which is cheaper than oral morphine with X-Temp® OSS (RM547.68, IQR: RM273.84). There is a significant difference in terms of cost per batch of production between both groups (p=0.0001), where oral morphine with X-Temp® OSS has a higher median score compared to oral morphine with Simple Syrup. Oral morphine with X-Temp® OSS was produced less frequently than oral morphine with Simple Syrup. Thus, the total time spent for production per year is lesser with the use of X-Temp® OSS. The odds of disposing of oral morphine solution were significantly lower in oral morphine with X-Temp® OSS, compared to oral morphine with Simple Syrup. (OR = 43.52; 95% p=0.0001). Conclusion: The direct cost of X-Temp® OSS in the production of oral morphine solution is higher, but the indirect costs are lower, hence making it more beneficial in terms of reducing the use of human resources, saving time & minimizing wastage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cost-outcomes-of-conversion-from-simple-syrup-to-x-temp-suspension-in-production-of-extemporaneous-oral-morphine-solution-in-hospital-tengku-ampuan-afzan

Zainal Abidin,

Haji Zunaidi

2023

Mal J Pharm

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“…have been used a drug of colic, malaria, diuretic, fever, and skin disease [2]. Modern pharmacological investigations indicated that the extract of P. fel-terrae Lour exerts diuretic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. Moreover, P. fel-terrae inhibits hepatitis B (HB) e-antigen excreted by HepG2 2215 cell lines, suggesting having anti-HB virus activity [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunomodulatory Activities of Picria Fel-Terrae Lour Herbs towards RAW 264.7 Cells

Auliafendri¹,

Rosidah²,

Yuandani³

et al. 2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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AIM:To investigate immunomodulatory activities of Picria fel-terrae Lour herbs extract against inflammatory biomarkers by conducting cell culture experiments.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The herbs of Picria fel-terrae Lour were dried and extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, 96% ethanol, followed by evaporation and freeze-drying. Phytochemicals screening were analysed with thin layer chromatography method. Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. The genes of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages were analysed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method.RESULTS:Phytochemicals screening showed the presence of steroids in n-hexane extract (ENPFH) and flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins in ethyl acetate (EEAPFH) and ethanol (EEPFH) extracts. The Viability of RAW 264.7 cell toward ENPFH, EEAPFH, and EEPFH (1-200 μgmL-1) showed no toxicity effects. At the gene level, ENPFH; EEAPFH; EEPFH decreased the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 which induced with LPS (1 μgmL-1).CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that extracts of Picria fel-terrae Lour Herbs possesses immunomodulatory activities by inhibiting selected inflammatory biomarkers at the gene levels in LPS-induced macrophages.

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“…Chloroform is now considered an obsolete preservative for pharmaceutical preparations due to its toxicity and physical instability. 2 The warfarin formulations have a pH above 5.0 making benzoic acid an unsuitable preservative. An unreferenced report of the incompatibility of warfarin with hydroxybenzoates resulted in the historic use of concentrated chloroform water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Mixtures Formulated from Warfarin Tablets or Powder

Sharley

Yu²,

Williams

2007

Pharmacy Practice and Res

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Background: Although warfarin is a commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant, published data on the stability of mixtures prepared from warfarin tablets are limited. Aim: To investigate the stability of mixtures formulated using Coumadin tablets, Marevan tablets or warfarin sodium clathrate. Method: A stability indicating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine the concentration of warfarin. Warfarin sodium clathrate was forcibly degraded and injected into the HPLC system to ascertain lack of interference from degradation product peaks from the warfarin peak. Warfarin mixtures (1 mg/mL) were prepared in triplicate from Coumadin tablets, Marevan tablets and warfarin sodium clathrate using compound hydroxybenzoate solution APF as a preservative. A four-level calibration was used. On each study day each sample was injected into the HPLC system in duplicate together with quality control standards and blanks. Warfarin concentrations were calculated from the linear regression equation derived from the calibration curve. Results: The method was stability indicating as the degradation peaks did not interfere with the principal peak and UV spectral confirmation was used to identify the warfarin peak. All mixtures retained at least 98% of their original concentration over the 28day study period. Conclusion: Warfarin mixtures can be formulated by either suspending crushed tablets or preparing a solution from warfarin sodium clathrate. Compound hydroxybenzoate solution APF can be used as the preservative. A 28-day shelf-life can be assigned to the products. J Pharm Pract Res 2007; 37: 95-7.

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The preservation of some oral liquid preparations

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

cost-outcomes-of-conversion-from-simple-syrup-to-x-temp-suspension-in-production-of-extemporaneous-oral-morphine-solution-in-hospital-tengku-ampuan-afzan

cost-outcomes-of-conversion-from-simple-syrup-to-x-temp-suspension-in-production-of-extemporaneous-oral-morphine-solution-in-hospital-tengku-ampuan-afzan

The Immunomodulatory Activities of Picria Fel-Terrae Lour Herbs towards RAW 264.7 Cells

Stability of Mixtures Formulated from Warfarin Tablets or Powder

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