The pressure profile of the gastroduodenal junctional zone in dogs

Brink, Benno M.; Schlegel, J.U.; Code, Charles F.

doi:10.1136/gut.6.2.163

Cited by 66 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Similar properties suggesting a sphincteric function have been recorded at the canine pylorus (2,3). The mechanism by which the human pylorus contracts in response to the intraduodenal instillation of amino acids, olive oil, and HC1 is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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The Hormonal Regulation of Pyloric Sphincter Function

Fisher¹,

Lipshutz²,

Cohen³

1973

J. Clin. Invest.

121

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A B S T R A C T The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hormonal control of pyloric sphincter function. Studies were performed on both pyloric circular muscle, in vitro, and the human pylorus, in vivo. Full dose-response curves to gastrin I, cholecystokinin, and secretin were constructed for the pyloric muscle of the opossum studied at its length of optimal tension development, Lo. Both cholecystokinin and secretin were potent agonists on the muscle but gastrin I gave no increase in muscle tension. The combination of cholecystokinin and secretin was additive at submaximal concentrations but potentiation of the maximal responses was not observed. Gastrin I produced a surmountable, competitive-like antagonism to the effect of cholecystokinin on the pyloric muscle. The octapeptide of cholecystokinin was a more potent agonist than the whole molecule of cholecystokinin on the pyloric muscle. In man, the pyloric pressure rose significantly during intravenous infusion of either cholecystokinin or secretin. The combination of maximal doses of both hormones did not show signficant potentiation. Gastrin I did not significantly increase pyloric pressure but did antagonize the pyloric response to duodenal acidification. These studies suggest that: (a) Both secretin and cholecystokinin augment pyloric sphincter pressure while gastrin I is an antagonist inhibiting their effects. (b) The hormonal responses of pyloric sphincter circular muscle, in vitro, can be correlated with human sphincter function, in vivo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Received for publication 14 August 1972 and in revised form 2 Januarl, 1973. retrograde movement of duodenal contents into the stomach (1). Similar properties suggesting a sphincteric function have been recorded at the canine pylorus (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hormonal Regulation of Pyloric Sphincter Function

Fisher¹,

Lipshutz²,

Cohen³

1973

J. Clin. Invest.

121

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“…Emptying into the duodenum is phasic and its control has usually been attributed to a duodenal brake activated by volume (Thomas, 1957), acids (Brink, Schlegel & Code, 1965;Hunt & Knox, 1969;Cooke, 1974;Cooke & Clarke, 1976), osmolality (Hunt, 1956;Cooke & Clarke, 1976), fats and fatty acids (Hunt & Knox, 1968, 1969Cooke & Clarke, 1976) certain amino acids (Stephens, Woolson & Cooke, 1975;Byrne, Walsh & Ament, 1977;Fischer & Hunt, 1977) and the calorific value of food eaten (Hunt & Stubbs, 1975). Such a mechanism prevents duodenal overload and damage to the mucosa by restraining stomach emptying so that only sufficient chyme enters the duodenum as can be adequately processed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre‐pyloric Mechanisms Regulating Gastric Motor Function in the Conscious Dog

Grundy¹,

Hutson²,

Rudge³

et al. 1989

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYReflex mechanisms regulating gastric motor function were studied in four conscious dogs, whose stomachs had been surgically divided into separate corporal and antral pouches. Interactions between the corpus and antrum were investigated in fasted animals by balloon distension of each region. During the quiescent phase (phase I) of the migrating motor complex (MMC), distending the corpus with volumes greater than 80 ml resulted in contractions of the corpus, which persisted for as long as the distending stimulus was applied. This corporal distension also initiated antral contractions which were greater if the antrum was moderately distended and also greater with a larger corporal distending volume up to 300 ml. Graded 5 ml inflation of the antrum during the quiescent phase of the MMC stimulated antral contractions. This antral response to antral distension was augmented when the corpus was inflated but was only statistically significant with antral volumes below 25 ml. Distension of the antrum with volumes > 12-5 ml caused inhibition of corporal contractions during both the active phase of a migrating complex or when stimulated by corporal inflation. The degree of inhibition was proportional to the distending stimulus and was present for the duration of the applied distension. For antral volumes of 50 ml the inhibition persisted for a variable time after the stimulus was withdrawn. The inhibition of corporal activity by antral distension was still effective after blocking acid secretion with cimetidine (100 mg), which would eliminate spillage of acid into the jejunum as a cause of the inhibition. It is concluded that pre-pyloric mechanisms co-ordinate corporal and antral motor activity and would operate during gastric emptying to provide a controlled delivery of chyme to the duodenum.

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“…Although motility in the stomach and duodenum has been intensively studied, the factors playing a major role in regulating gastric emptying are incompletely understood. In studies on the effects of nutrients on gastric and duodenal motility various alterations have been described: (i) a suppression of the antral propulsive activity Quigley, Werle, Ligon, Read, Radzow & Meshan, 1941); (ii) an increased basal pressure of the pylorus (Fisher & Cohen, 1973;Brink, Schlegel & Code, 1976); (iii) an enhanced gradient of the antroduodenal motility (Weisbrodt, Wiley, Overholt & Bass, 1969); and (iv) an increased duodenal resistance to inflow of gastric contents (Miller, Kauffman, Elashoff, Ohashi, Carter & Meyer, 1981). However, in most studies only a few of these factors were considered, so that the interplay between them still remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Factors Regulating Gastric Emptying of Viscous Nutrient Meals in Dogs

1984

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms controlling gastric emptying of viscous meals. In four conscious dogs the antral, pyloric and duodenal activities were recorded with strain-gauge transducers and induction coils during gastric evacuation of an inert cellulose meal and of four nutrient meals containing mannitol, casein, glucose or oleic acid. Gastric emptying and the internal pyloric and duodenal diameters were measured from radiographs. The nutrients delayed gastric emptying and diminished to a various extent the antral and duodenal motility as well as the pyloric opening. The motility gradient between antral and duodenal activity showed no relationship to the emptying delay. The duodenal lumen was reduced and the propulsive contractions of the duodenum decreased while the segmental activity increased. The findings suggest that gastric emptying is controlled by (1) the depth of the antral waves, (2) the pyloric opening, (3) the receptive relaxation of the duodenum and (4) the type of the duodenal contractions. By contrast the sequence of the terminal antral contraction and the pyloric closure, as well as the co-ordination between pyloric and duodenal contractions, played no important role in regulating gastric emptying.

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The pressure profile of the gastroduodenal junctional zone in dogs

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

The Hormonal Regulation of Pyloric Sphincter Function

The Hormonal Regulation of Pyloric Sphincter Function

Pre‐pyloric Mechanisms Regulating Gastric Motor Function in the Conscious Dog

Mechanical Factors Regulating Gastric Emptying of Viscous Nutrient Meals in Dogs

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