The prevalence and associated factors of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in multiple ethnic middle‐aged to older adults in west China: a cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Background and purpose: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome characterized by subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait has been proposed and validated as a pre-dementia syndrome. The overall and specific ethnic prevalence of MCR and the associated factors are poorly understood in middle-aged to older community-dwelling residents in west China. Methods:The present study included 6091 samples from the prospective cohort study, West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT). Multidimensional factors of demography, lifestyle, social support, anthropometrics and body components, and clinical status were investigated and analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Lasso regression and K-fold cross-validation were conducted to construct the most predictive model with fitted factors. Results:The overall prevalence of MCR was 9.74%, and ethnically the prevalence was 14.25% in Tibetan, 11.03% in Yi, 10.72% in Han, 5.18% in Uighur and 4.55% in Qiang, respectively. In the adjusted models, the positively associated risk factors included diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, p = 0.007), osteoarthritis (OR = 1.50, p = 0.002), depression (OR = 1.36, p = 0.005), poor sleep (OR = 1.21, p = 0.045), comorbidity (OR = 1.49, p = 0.001) and falls in the last 12 months (OR = 1.34, p = 0.031). Of note, every 1-unit increase of value in stroke was associated with an approximate 3-fold higher risk of having MCR, whilst in high-density lipoprotein with a 30% lower risk of MCR,respectively.Conclusions: Profiles of MCR from the aspects of ethnicity and the presenium stage need further exploration. It is a promising strategy to apply MCR as a primary prevention tool to prevent dementia. | 1355 MOTORIC COGNITIVE RISK SYNDROME IN MULTIPLE ETHNICS INTRODUC TI ON An estimated 55 million people are currently living with dementia globally [1], with forecasts reaching 78 million by 2030 and 152 million by 2050, 60%-80% of which can be attributed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) [1-3]. The Alzheimer's Disease International estimated that 75% of individuals with dementia are not diagnosed and 90% of them are in undeveloped and underdeveloped regions and countries [1]. Dementia is a disease with multifactorial etiology and heterogeneous clinical presentation and disease trajectory. Also, dementia has a long preclinical phase from several years to decades before the cognitive alterations indicating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are detectable [3,4]. Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome was proposed and validated in 2013 by Verghese and colleagues to identify aging individuals at high risk for dementia during the pre-dementia stage [5,6]. Approximately 10% of older persons are affected by MCR worldwide [7]. This syndrome integrates two specific harbingers of dementia, subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and slow gait speed (SG), in the absence of mobility disability and dementia [5,6]. MCR was found to be more strongly associated with cognitive decline or dementia than either of these two harbingers alone [3,8]. Cognitive fun...

Association between positive control in self-perceptions of aging and motoric cognitive risk syndrome among Chinese community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

“…The present study extended previous studies by providing the prevalence of MCR among community-dwelling older adults in the Central area of China. The prevalence of MCR was 11.5% in the present study (mean age = 71.62 ± 5.22), which was among the reported range of 9.6% ~ 12.7%(9.6% in Beijing, China [ 31 ], 10% worldwide [ 5 ], 12.7% in East China, 10.7% in West China [ 8 ], and 10.4% in a nationally Chinese sample [ 34 ]. Slightly different results might be related to assessment tools, participants of diverse ages, ethics, and senior hospital departments [ 5 , 8 , 31 , 34 ].…”

“…The prevalence of MCR was 11.5% in the present study (mean age = 71.62 ± 5.22), which was among the reported range of 9.6% ~ 12.7%(9.6% in Beijing, China [ 31 ], 10% worldwide [ 5 ], 12.7% in East China, 10.7% in West China [ 8 ], and 10.4% in a nationally Chinese sample [ 34 ]. Slightly different results might be related to assessment tools, participants of diverse ages, ethics, and senior hospital departments [ 5 , 8 , 31 , 34 ]. Our results found aging awareness, and positive control were associated with MCR risk after adjusting for related confounders.…”

“…Several risk factors of MCR have been explored including older age, education, depression, and cardiovascular factors such as diabetes and stroke [ 7 , 8 ]. However, only a few studies examined the psychological aspects of MCR.…”

Plasma metabolomics and lipidomics signatures of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in community-dwelling older adults

“…The operational definition of MCR was the presence of SCCs and SG but without dementia or mobility disability, as proposed and validated by Verghese et al’s (2012 , 2014 ), Maggio and Lauretani (2019) , and Stephan et al (2020) . The diagnosis of present MCR was described elsewhere in detail ( Sun et al, 2022 ). Dementia was identified by self-and/or proxy-reported previous diagnoses by physicians.…”

Increased Social Support Reduces the Incidence of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome

“…In addition, we have previously linked overall support and tangible support to gray matter volume, primarily in prefrontal, hippocampal, cingulate, insular, and thalamic brain regions ( Cotton et al, 2019 ), which overlap with brain areas linked to the MCR syndrome ( Blumen et al, 2018 ; 2021 ). A recent study has also shown that increased social support utilization (or support seeking behaviors) is associated with a reduced risk for MCR in middle-aged to older adults ( Sun et al, 2022 ). Based on these studies—highlighting the shared cognitive outcomes and shared neural substrates of MCR and different kinds of social support, along with initial evidence that support seeking behaviors are associated with a reduced risk for MCR—we hypothesized that increased levels of social support would decrease the risk for developing MCR.…”