The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study

Landers, John; Henderson, Tim; Craig, Jamie E

doi:10.1136/bjo.2009.168146

Cited by 34 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although these extrapolations use the best available data, it must be noted that self‐reported DM prevalence rates have been used, and therefore, estimated crude prevalence calculations should be interpreted with caution. This result differs from a number of studies that have evaluated ethnic disparities in the US among Caucasian, African American and Hispanic populations where prevalence of any DR was found to be similar among diabetic individuals across these ethnic groups …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Review of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Indigenous Australians

Kaidonis

Mills

Landers

et al. 2014

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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The purpose of this review was to compare the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) using all available reported data, in order to help direct further research to those most susceptible to severe outcomes. All published studies describing prevalence of DR in a defined study population within Australia published between 1985 and 2013 were identified. Potentially relevant studies were reviewed and the following published data was extracted: study design, sample size with self-reported DM, indigenous status, mean age and range, gender, mean duration of DM, prevalence and severity of DR, and method used to grade DR. Six Indigenous studies (2865 persons with DM) and 5 non-Indigenous studies (9801 persons with DM) reporting DR prevalence satisfied inclusion criteria. Estimated prevalence of any DR among Indigenous Australians with DM was 23.4% compared with 28.9% for non-Indigenous Australians (χ 2

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Review of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Indigenous Australians

Kaidonis

Mills

Landers

et al. 2014

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…This correlation needs elaborate study to explain the pathophysiology of the affection. [15] Though there was association of AMD and hypertension in 66% in the present study, according to study by Hyman et al confl icting results have appeared. [16] Most of the cases showed no change in visual acuity in 2 weeks, but about 52% cases with classic CNVM showed 1 line improvement at the end of 2 months and 56% of cases showeding 2 lines improvement at the end of 4 months which correlates with Rich, Rosenfeld [17] Hence, cardiologist opinion was obtained for all the cardiac patients before giving avastin injection.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

A prospective nonrandomized clinical study on exudative age related macular degeneration

Raja¹,

Janti²,

Chendilnathan³

et al. 2014

Int J Med Public Health

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A prospective nonrandomized clinical study on exudative age related macular degenerationIntroduction: Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in individuals over 50 years in developed countries. The objective was to study the various fundus fl uorescein angiogram (FFA) patterns of exudative ARMD and monitor the treatment response and the change in visual acuity, macular thickness, angiographic patterns following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and to assess the systemic risk factors for exudative ARMD. Materials and Methods: This prospective nonrandomized clinical study was carried out among 50 patients of ARMD diagnosed by FFA and optical coherence tomogram (OCT) with best corrected visual acuity of <6/24 (Snellen's chart), Macular thickness by OCT, FFA was done before and after giving injection of bevacizumab. Patients were asked for regular followup at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. Results: Fifty-two percent cases with classic choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) showed 1 line improvement at the end of 2 months and 56% of cases showing 2 lines improvement at 4 months. About 50% of occult CNVM showed more than 2 lines improvement at 4 months. About 50% of Classic CNVM and 40% of occult CNVM showed reduction in macular thickness of 50 μ at the end of 2 months, and 52% of both CNVM types showed reduction of 100 μ at the end of 4 months. Conclusions: In India ophthalmologists feel that AMD is an uncommon condition. By this study, we proved that although its prevalence rate is low in India as compared with Western countries, Indians are not immune from developing AMD. Abstract Access this article onlineWebsite: www.ijmedph.org

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“…[53] In Australia, bilateral visual impairment and blindness were found to be four to seven times more frequent in the indigenous population. [54] However, it is often difficult to evaluate the prevalence of visual impairment or blindness that might be truly inherent in a racial or ethnic population in addition to the social determinants that a specific racial group were exposed to due to low socioeconomic position and marginalization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social inequalities in blindness and visual impairment: A review of social determinants

Ulldemolins

Lansingh

València

et al. 2012

Indian J Ophthalmol

104

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Health inequities are related to social determinants based on gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, race, living in a specific geographic region, or having a specific health condition. Such inequities were reviewed for blindness and visual impairment by searching for studies on the subject in PubMed from 2000 to 2011 in the English and Spanish languages. The goal of this article is to provide a current review in understanding how inequities based specifically on the aforementioned social determinants on health influence the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness. With regards to gender inequality, women have a higher prevalence of visual impairment and blindness, which cannot be only reasoned based on age or access to service. Socioeconomic status measured as higher income, higher educational status, or non-manual occupational social class was inversely associated with prevalence of blindness or visual impairment. Ethnicity and race were associated with visual impairment and blindness, although there is general confusion over this socioeconomic position determinant. Geographic inequalities and visual impairment were related to income (of the region, nation or continent), living in a rural area, and an association with socioeconomic and political context was suggested. While inequalities related to blindness and visual impairment have rarely been specifically addressed in research, there is still evidence of the association of social determinants and prevalence of blindness and visual impairment. Additional research should be done on the associations with intermediary determinants and socioeconomic and political context.

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The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Review of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Indigenous Australians

Review of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Indigenous Australians

A prospective nonrandomized clinical study on exudative age related macular degeneration

Social inequalities in blindness and visual impairment: A review of social determinants

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