The Prevalence and Characterization of Fecal Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs on Farms of Different Sizes in Latvia

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fecal ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in pigs on large and small farms in Latvia, to characterize beta-lactamase genes and establish an antimicrobial resistance profile. Fecal samples (n = 615) were collected from 4-week, 5-week, 6-week, 8-week, 12-week and 20-week-old piglets, pigs and sows on four large farms (L1, L2, L3, L4) and three small farms (S1, S2, S3) in Latvia. ChromArt ESBL agar and combination disc tests were used for the screening and confirmation of ESBL-producing E. coli. The antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disc diffusion method and ESBL genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, ESBL-producing E. coli was confirmed on three large farms, L1 (64.3%), L2 (29.9%), L3 (10.7%) and one small farm, S1 (47.5%); n = 144 (23.4%). The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli differed considerably between the large and small farm groups (26.9% vs. 12.7%). Of ESBL E. coli isolates, 96% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), demonstrating there were more extensive MDR phenotypes on large farms. The distribution of ESBL genes was blaTEM (94%), blaCTX-M (94%) and blaSHV (48%). On the small farm, blaSHV dominated, thus demonstrating a positive association with resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime and cefixime, while on the large farms, blaCTX-M with a positive association to cephalexin and several non-beta lactam antibiotics dominated. The results indicated the prevalence of a broad variety of ESBL-producing E. coli among the small and large farms, putting the larger farms at a higher risk. Individual monitoring of ESBL and their antimicrobial resistance could be an important step in revealing hazardous MDR ESBL-producing E. coli strains and reviewing the management of antibiotic use.

Effect of Cephalosporin Treatment on the Microbiota and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Feces of Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis

“…In accordance with our previous study, the bla TEM in milk that were collected from the cows was significantly increased ( p < 0.05) after 3 days of cephalosporin exposure [ 25 ]. It was also reported that bla TEM was one of the most abundant ARGs in the feces from a pig farm [ 26 ]. In the present study, the β-lactamase encoding genes bla TEM and cfx A were significantly increased ( p < 0.05) at the withdrawal period.…”

Molecular Investigation of Some Beta-lactamase Genes by PCR and DNA Sequencing Techniques in clinical Escherichia coli

“…Pathogenic bacteria from different sources, like industry, soil and humans, can fuse to hydrous habitants, which causes the high increment in the antibiotic resistance through some genetic mechanism such as transposons and integrons, besides plasmids. In a normal bacterial ecosystem this mutation in bacteria can cause the transformation of bacteria from non-pathogenic to resistant toward antibiotics [6]. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of some beta lactamase genes (blaTEM, and blaCTX-M) type ESBL variants among E. coli which were collected from some clinical antibiotics resistant isolates.…”

Effect of Essential Oils Supplemented with Caprylic Acid and Sodium Chloride against Faecal ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs

“…Three of ESBL-producing isolates were classified as MDR, which contained the following antimicrobial resistance profile: AM-CTX-CZ-AMC-GM-SXT-TMP-C-TE-ENO, and two with AM-CTX-CZ-AMC-GM-SXT-TMP-C-TE, but the other three as non-MDR ESBL-producing E. coli. Finally, the last three E. coli isolates did not show resistance to any of the 18 antibiotics [68].…”

“…A total of 10 E. coli isolates were used to test the antibacterial properties of EOs. One of the isolates was used as antibiotic-sensitive reference strain ATCC 25922 (Bioscience, Botolph, United Kingdom), but the other isolates were collected from pig faeces according to the methodology described by [68]. Six isolates were ESBL-producing E. coli, containing all of three bla genes: bla CTX-M , bla TEM , and bla SHV .…”