The prevalence and costs of obesity in the EU

Fry, J. N.; Finley, Willa

doi:10.1079/pns2005443

Cited by 126 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This high rate, found for women living in a Mediterranean area, is similar to that in other studies conducted in southern Italy (Barbagallo et al, 2001), and consistent with earlier finding in other European countries (Fry and Finley, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Obesity, overweight, and weight gain over adult life are main determinants of elevated hs-CRP in a cohort of Mediterranean women

Gentile

Panico

Rubba³

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body weight modification, and rate of weight increase over 10 years were evaluated in relation to high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to assess the association of cross-sectional or longitudinal estimates of obesity/overweight with levels of circulating CRP, a well established and standardized marker of low-grade inflammation, in relation to cardiovascular risk. Subjects: This study included a subgroup of 390 menopausal women participating in a large currently ongoing epidemiological study (Progetto Atena; N ¼ 5062). Results: At the final visit, women in the third tertile of BMI, compared with those in the first tertile, showed the following odds ratio (OR) of having high hs-CRP values: III vs I tertile OR, 3.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.94-6.49, Po0.001, adjusted for age, and metabolic syndrome. Similar results were obtained when we evaluated women in the third tertile of WC, or those in the highest group of estimated weight increase, relative to their weight at age 20 years or in the group of highest rate of weight increase over 10 years of observation (weight at the final visitÀweight at the baseline visit divided by time in months between visits). Conclusions: The independent relations between different markers of overweight/obesity and elevated hs-CRP consistently indicate that high (above 1.5 mg l -1 , median) hs-CRP is a major biochemical counterpart of cross-sectional or longitudinal estimates of increased adipose tissue mass.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Obesity, overweight, and weight gain over adult life are main determinants of elevated hs-CRP in a cohort of Mediterranean women

Gentile

Panico

Rubba³

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…One-third of children and two-thirds of adults in developed countries are overweight or obese, [1][2][3] with attributable medical costs estimated at $147 billion annually in the United States 4 and €33 billion annually in the European Union. 5,6 Childhood obesity has more than doubled in the past 30 years, 2 and children who are overweight or obese are at a greater risk for adverse health outcomes including obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. 2,7 There is strong evidence that consumption of sugar-sweetened foods and beverages promotes development of obesity and related complications, 2,4,8,9 prompting population-wide recommendations to reduce added-sugar intake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Exposure to Nonnutritive Sweeteners and Long-term Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review

Reid¹,

Chauhan

Rabbani

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

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CONTEXT: Nonnutritive sweetener (NNS) consumption is increasing among children, yet its long-term health impact is unclear, particularly when exposure occurs during early life.OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence from prospective studies evaluating the association of early-life NNS exposure and long-term metabolic health.DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library (inception to July 2015). STUDY SELECTION:We aimed to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating NNSbased interventions and prospective cohort studies reporting NNS exposure among pregnant women, infants, or children (<12 years of age), with a minimum study duration of 6 months. DATA EXTRACTION:The primary outcome was BMI; secondary outcomes included growth velocity, overweight/obesity, adiposity, and adverse metabolic effects. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using validated assessment tools. RESULTS:We identified 6 eligible cohort studies and 2 RCTs (n = 15 641 children). Half of the cohorts reported increasing weight gain or fat mass accumulation with increasing NNS intake, and pooled data from 2 cohorts showed a significant correlation with BMI gain (weighted mean correlation 0.023, 95% confidence interval 0.006 to 0.041). RCTs reported contradictory effects on weight change in children receiving NNSs. No eligible studies evaluated prenatal or infant NNS exposure.LIMITATIONS: Meta-analysis was limited because of the small number of eligible studies and heterogeneity of populations and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:There is limited and inconsistent evidence of the long-term metabolic effects of NNS exposure during gestation, infancy, and childhood. Further research is needed to inform recommendations for the use of NNSs in this sensitive population.

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“…If these costs would be internalized, conventional produce would become more expensive and sustainable produce more competitive. This may translate into a shift toward higher sustainability of agricultural production (Fry and Finley, 2005;Reisch and Gwozdz, 2010). "True cost accounting" (internalization of external costs) could help to achieve this objective (Pretty et al, 2001;Tegtmeier and Duffy, 2004).…”

Section: Consumer Preferences and Cost Internalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Intensification of Tropical Agro-Ecosystems: Need and Potentials

Andrés

Bhullar

2016

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Rapid population growth, increasingly complex economies and novel industrial uses of agricultural products call for further intensification of agriculture, particularly in the tropics. How to achieve sustainable intensification of food production systems in tropical regions that are challenged by ongoing climate change, loss of natural resources and biodiversity is a matter of debate. Here we highlight the major knowledge gaps in agricultural research and policy that must be addressed to develop adequate governance and regulatory frameworks for sustainable agricultural intensification. They include quantification of the (i) value of (public/private) goods generated by ecosystem services, (ii) costs to conserve the natural resources and biodiversity that maintain ecosystem services, and (iii) true costs of different types of agriculture (in environmental, social, and health dimensions) as well as (iv) required adaptations that will make alternative farming strategies feasible at a global scale. We discuss the synergies and potential of agro-ecology and organic agriculture to transform our food systems and highlight the importance of controlling demand for food through societal (behavioral) and political (structural) changes in agricultural value chains. Finally, we review the sustainability standards and participatory guarantee systems in developed and developing countries, respectively, and argue that exemplars from developed countries could be role models in adapting governance and regulatory frameworks for developing countries.

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The prevalence and costs of obesity in the EU

Cited by 126 publications

References 4 publications

Obesity, overweight, and weight gain over adult life are main determinants of elevated hs-CRP in a cohort of Mediterranean women

Obesity, overweight, and weight gain over adult life are main determinants of elevated hs-CRP in a cohort of Mediterranean women

Early Exposure to Nonnutritive Sweeteners and Long-term Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review

Sustainable Intensification of Tropical Agro-Ecosystems: Need and Potentials

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