The prevalence and distribution of the atherosclerotic plaques in the abdominal aorta and its branches

Abstract

(Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 3: 364-375)

The impact of abdominal fat on abdominal aorta calcification measured on non-enhanced CT

“…Risk factors for the progression of calcified atherosclerosis in general, and specifically for aortic calcification, include age, [6,17–19] hypertension, [6] smoking, [6,20] dyslipidemia, [6] exercise level (negatively related), [17] chronic kidney disease, [21] and ethnicity. [22] Few studies examined the relation between aortic calcification and body composition: abdominal lean muscle area and visceral fat area were not generally found to be significantly associated with aortic atherosclerosis, [22–24] while gender subdivision found an association between visceral fat and abdominal aorta calcification in women only.…”

Spontaneous isolated dissection and atherosclerotic plaques of superior mesenteric artery: the vastly different occurrence site suggests the opposite haemodynamic aetiology

“…Plaques of the SMA were frequently close to the aortic ostia. 8,12,13 A transient computational fluid dynamic model showed that the site of high oscillatory shear stress in the SMA was consistent with the clinical observed location of atheroma. 7 Therefore, if the occurrence of SIDSMA was closely related to high shear stress, the entry site cannot be located in the common site of atherosclerotic plaques.…”

“…Atherosclerotic plaques are the main cause of SMA stenosis and may lead to acute or chronic mesenteric ischaemia. 8 It has now been widely accepted that although affected by many factors, 9 the development of atherosclerotic plaques was related to haemodynamic forces. 10,11 The plaques initially arise in the area of low and oscillatory shear stress and rarely appear in the area of high shear stress.…”

Morphohistological analysis of the prevalence and distribution of atheroma in the abdominal aorta and its branches: a cadaveric study

“…This trend was also observed in the present study, as the atheromatous plaques were more commonly found in the distal part of the abdominal aorta, which is comparable with the literature. 12 Atheromatous plaque formation causing narrowing of the vessels can lead to hypertension. Small pieces of plaque can separate, causing thromboembolic symptoms, resulting in ischemia in structures supplied by the arteries.…”