The Prevalence and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Maternal Distress in a Community of Low-Income Bangladeshi and Displaced Ethnic Bihari Mothers

Azziz‐Baumgartner, Eduardo; Homaira, Nusrat; Hamadani, Jena D.; Tofail, Fahmida; Dahlberg, Linda L.; Haque, Rashidul; Luby, Stephen P.; Naved, Ruchira Tabassum

doi:10.1177/1077801213520579

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The corresponding figures for psychological IPV were 67.4%, 65% and 60.8% respectively. These prevalence rates of IPV are in line with other studies from Bangladesh which have reported the past year or current prevalence of physical IPV to be between 16–52% [91–94], sexual IPV between 11–65% [77, 91, 95, 96] and psychological IPV between 24–84% [91, 92]. The reported rate of physical IPV during pregnancy (35.2%) is higher than reported in a multi-country study as of between 2% and 13.5% [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It may be that women are especially vulnerable to the effects of all types of IPV in this stage because of their heightened concern for the health and safety of their developing child. Indeed, literature links women’s feelings of inadequacy around parenting to PPD [94, 107–110] and psychological and sexual abuse during pregnancy may inflate such concerns. Additionally, prior to and after pregnancy, it may be easier for a mother to minimize the potential influence of spousal psychological and sexual abuse on her child, compared to physical abuse, which she might worry, would also extend to her child.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intimate partner violence around the time of pregnancy and postpartum depression: The experience of women of Bangladesh

et al. 2017

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Background and objectivesIntimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is a serious public health concern and is known to have an adverse effect on perinatal mental health. In order to craft appropriate and effective interventions, it is important to understand how the association between IPV and postpartum depression (PPD) may differ as a function of the type and timing of IPV victimization. Here we evaluate the influence of physical, sexual and psychological IPV before, during and after pregnancy on PPD.MethodsCross-sectional survey data was collected between October 2015 and January 2016 in the Chandpur District of Bangladesh from 426 new mothers, aged 15–49 years, who were in the first six months postpartum. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between IPV and PPD, adjusted for socio-demographic, reproductive and psychosocial confounding factors.ResultsApproximately 35.2% of women experienced PPD within the first six months following childbirth. Controlling for confounders, the odds of PPD was significantly greater among women who reported exposure to physical (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI [1.25, 3.43]), sexual (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI [1.14, 4.45]) or psychological (AOR: 6.92, 95% CI [1.71, 28.04]) IPV during pregnancy as opposed to those who did not. However, both before and after pregnancy, only physical IPV evidences a direct effect on PPD. Results highlight the mental health consequences of IPV for women of Bangladesh, as well as the influence of timing and type of IPV on PPD outcomes.Conclusions and implicationsThe findings confirm that exposure to IPV significantly increases the odds of PPD. The association is particularly strong for physical IPV during all periods and psychological IPV during pregnancy. Results reinforce the need to conduct routine screening during pregnancy to identify women with a history of IPV who may at risk for PPD and to offer them necessary support.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence around the time of pregnancy and postpartum depression: The experience of women of Bangladesh

et al. 2017

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“…In the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence, women who experience IPV report higher level of emotional distress than those who do not in all study sites [4]. Similarly, in postpartum Bangladeshi women [41,42] and South Asian women of reproductive age [43], higher levels of emotional distress and common mental disorders occur among those who experience IPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiencing Lifetime Domestic Violence: Associations with Mental Health and Stress among Pregnant Women in Rural Bangladesh: The MINIMat Randomized Trial

et al. 2016

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BackgroundExperience of domestic violence has negative mental health consequences for women. The association of cumulative and specific forms of domestic violence, particularly emotional violence and controlling behavior, with common mental disorders and stress has rarely been studied in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to evaluate associations of specific and multiple forms of lifetime domestic violence and controlling behavior with distress and cortisol level during pregnancy in rural Bangladeshi women.Methods and findingsIn this observational sub-study of larger MINIMat trial, 3504 pregnant women were interviewed using a shortened Conflict Tactic Scale about their lifetime experience of domestic violence including physical, sexual, emotional domestic violence and controlling behavior. Women’s levels of emotional distress were assessed using the self-reported questionnaire (SRQ-20) developed by WHO, and levels of morning salivary cortisol were measured in a subsample (n = 1300) of women during week 28–32 of pregnancy. Regression analyses were used to estimate the associations of lifetime physical, sexual, emotional domestic violence and controlling behavior with levels of distress and cortisol during pregnancy. The prevalence of lifetime domestic violence was 57% and emotional distress was 35% in these pregnant women. All forms of domestic violence were associated with higher levels of emotional distress. Women who experienced either emotional violence or controlling behavior had the highest levels of emotional distress. There was a dose-response relationship between cumulative number of the different forms of domestic violence and women’s levels of emotional distress. There was no association between women’s experience of domestic violence and level of morning salivary cortisol.ConclusionIncluding emotional violence and controlling behavior as major types of violence in future research and health interventions is warranted. Furthermore, the extent of the negative impacts of domestic violence on pregnant women, multiple forms of violence and their cumulative effects need to be investigated.

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“…PS, psychosocial stimulation; FS, food supplementation; PS+FS, both psychosocial stimulation and food supplementation; CC, clinic control; CH, hospital control; CI, confidence interval. Community-based trial and maternal depressive symptoms 489 which is very common in the low-income countries like Bangladesh (Sambisa et al 2011;Naved 2013;Azziz-Baumgartner et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a food supplementation and psychosocial stimulation trial for severely malnourished children on the level of maternal depressive symptoms in Bangladesh

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Hossain

Hamadani

et al. 2014

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The Prevalence and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Maternal Distress in a Community of Low-Income Bangladeshi and Displaced Ethnic Bihari Mothers

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Intimate partner violence around the time of pregnancy and postpartum depression: The experience of women of Bangladesh

Intimate partner violence around the time of pregnancy and postpartum depression: The experience of women of Bangladesh

Experiencing Lifetime Domestic Violence: Associations with Mental Health and Stress among Pregnant Women in Rural Bangladesh: The MINIMat Randomized Trial

Effect of a food supplementation and psychosocial stimulation trial for severely malnourished children on the level of maternal depressive symptoms in Bangladesh

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