The Prevalence and Management of Diabetes Mellitus Among Educated and Uneducated Populations in Pakistan. A comparative study

Abstract

Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing public health concern in Pakistan, with its prevalence increasing across various demographics. Education level is a significant determinant of health outcomes, influencing awareness, management, and prevention of chronic diseases like diabetes. This study aims to compare the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus among educated and uneducated populations in Pakistan. Objective:To evaluate the differences in the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus between educated and uneducated populations in Pakistan and to identify factors contributing to these differences. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted across urban and rural areas of Pakistan. A total of 1,200 participants were randomly selected and divided into two groups based on their education level: educated (having completed at least secondary education) and uneducated (no formal education). Data on diabetes prevalence, management practices, awareness, and complications were collected through structured interviews and medical examinations. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between education level and diabetes prevalence and management. Results:The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in the uneducated population (25%) compared to the educated population (15%) (p < 0.05). The uneducated group exhibited poorer glycemic control, with 70% of diabetic individuals having an HbA1c level >7%, compared to 50% in the educated group. Awareness of diabetes management practices, including diet and exercise, was higher in the educated group, contributing to better management outcomes. The educated population had higher rates of regular medical check-ups (80% vs. 50%) and medication adherence (85% vs. 60%). Conclusion:Education level plays a crucial role in the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus in Pakistan. The uneducated population is more vulnerable to diabetes and its complications due to lower awareness and poor management practices. Public health interventions should focus on improving diabetes awareness and management, particularly among uneducated populations, to reduce the burden of the disease in Pakistan.