The prevalence and multilevel analysis of minimum dietary diversity intake and its determinants among 6–23 months old infants in The Gambia: further analysis of the Gambian demographic and health survey data

Terefe, Bewuketu; Jembere, Mahlet Moges; Assimamaw, Nega Tezera

doi:10.1186/s41043-023-00442-x

Cited by 4 publications

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References 28 publications

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“…Research indicates that inadequate meal frequency is attributed to 20% of children aged 6–11 months and 9% of children aged 12–23 months 37 . Additionally, determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in The Gambia, and other African countries include socioeconomic aspects, household demographics, cultural practices, and caregiver characteristics 38 , 39 . The occupation of main caregivers, gender roles, and the size of the family have all been linked to complementary feeding habits, particularly when it comes to the number of meals required to meet a child's nutritional needs 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum meal frequency practice and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old in The Gambia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

Terefe,

Jembere,

Abie Mekonnen

2023

Sci Rep

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A proxy measure for a child's energy needs, minimum meal frequency (MMF) looks at how often children were fed things other than breast milk. Infants and young children who do not consume enough food frequently are more likely to suffer from malnutrition, which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality as well as stunting and micronutrient deficiencies. There is no MMF recommended by studies in The Gambia. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the practice of MMF and the factors that influence it in children aged 6–23 months in The Gambia. Data from The Gambian Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS-2019/20) were used to identify factors affecting the MMF at individual and community levels. A multi-level regression model and weighted samples of 2100 children were employed for the investigation. After being examined by a p-value of < 0.25 in the binary regression, factors with a p-value of < 0.05 were judged statistically significant. This study found that about 57.95% had provided MMF. Primary and secondary educated mothers (aOR = 1.44, CI 1.11, 1.87), and (aOR = 1.43, CI 1.09, 1.86), wealthiest (aOR = 1.76, CI 1.04, 2.99), 35–49 years old mothers (aOR = 1.35, CI 1.01, 1.79), female household head (aOR = 0.72, CI 0.53, 0.98), breastfeeding status(aOR = 0.10, CI 0.07, 0.15), currently working (aOR = 1.27, CI 1.04, 1.56), 12–17 months child (aOR = 1.40, CI 1.13, 1.73), 18–23 months child (aOR = 1.44, CI 1.08, 1.91) have shown association with MMF. Regarding regions Mansakonko, Kerewan, Kuntaur, and Janjanbureh local government areas have shown (aOR = 3.51, CI 1.77, 6.97), (aOR = 5.17, CI 2.67, 9.99), (aOR = 2.26, CI 1.14, 4.47), and (aOR = 2.35, CI 1.19, 4.64) as compared to Banjul local government area. Comparing MMF in The Gambia to WHO standards, it must be considered low. Encouragement of women and coordinated enhancement of the current nutritional intervention are therefore effective in boosting children's consumption of a variety of foods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum meal frequency practice and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old in The Gambia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

Terefe,

Jembere,

Abie Mekonnen

2023

Sci Rep

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Prevalence of multiple micronutrient powders consumption and its determinants among 6- to 23-month-old children in East Africa: a mixed effect analysis using the recent population based cross sectional national health survey

Terefe,

Chekole

2024

BMC Nutr

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Background To address iron deficiency anemia, Multiple Micronutrient Powders (MMNPs) can be sprinkled onto any semisolid diet and given to young children. There is currently no data on actual MMNPs uptake by children; hence, the study’s goal was to investigate MMNPs and determinants among children aged 6–23 months in East Africa. Methods Data from the 2016–2022 East Africa demographic and health survey extracted from Kids Records (KR) files were used in this study. A total of 33,324 weighted 6- to 23-month-old child samples were included. For assessing model fitness and contrast, the intra-class correlation coefficient, median odds ratio, proportional change in variance, and deviance were used. A multilevel logistic regression model was applied to identify variables that may influence MMNPs intake. In the multivariable multilevel logistic regression analyses, variables were judged to be significantly linked with MMNPs intake if their p-values were < 0.05. Results In East Africa, the prevalence of MMNPs intake among infants aged 6–23 months was 6.45% (95% CI, 6.19%, 6.22%). Several factors were found to be significantly associated with MMNPs consumption. These factors include older maternal age (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.09, 1.39) and (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI, 1.23, 1.73), poorer (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI, 0.64, 0.84), middle (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.66, 0.86), richer (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI, 0.52, 0.71), and richest (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI, 0.41, 0.59) as compared to poorest, having employment status (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.59, 0.71), mass media exposure (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI, 1.35, 1.78), longer birth interval (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI, 1.28, 1.36), place of delivery (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI, 1.28,1.66), and mothers from rural areas (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.62,0.80). Conclusions Overall, MMNPs intake was lower than the national and international recommendations. Only seven out of every hundred children received MMNPs. Improving maternal preventive health care and supporting marginalized women will have a positive impact.

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Minimum dietary diversity behaviour among children aged 6 to 24 months and their determinants: insights from 31 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries

Paulo,

Andrew,

Luoga

et al. 2024

BMC Nutr

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Background Feeding practices during infancy have a significant impact on a child’s cognitive development and long-term health outcomes. Dietary diversity guidelines from the WHO and UNICEF recommend a diverse range of foods for children aged below 24 months for their optimal growth and development. However, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), little is known about the extent to which dietary diversity behaviour in children aged 6 to 24 months aligns with the recommendations and the factors associated with the differentials in dietary behaviour. This study aimed to fill this gap. Methods This study employed an analytical cross-sectional approach, drawing on recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 31 SSA countries. The study included a weighted sample of 44,071 children aged between 6 and 24 months, and their respective mothers aged 15–49 years. The primary outcome was Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) categorised per WHO recommendation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of MDD with demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Results The pooled MDD intake among children aged 6–24 months in SSA was 11% ranging from as low as 1.3% in Burkina Faso to 32.9% in South Africa. Children of mothers aged 45–49 years had 52% significant higher likelihood of MDD compared to those aged 15–19 years (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI:1.03, 2.24). Higher maternal education levels also increased MDD odds in the children: 22% higher for mothers who had attained secondary education (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI:1.07, 1.39), and 36% higher for those with education beyond secondary level (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI:1.09, 1.71) compared to no education. Children of rich mothers had 44% higher odds of MDD than those with poor mothers (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI:1.27, 1.62). Increased antenatal visits, and urban residence also contributed to higher MDD odds. Conclusion Based on the current global estimate of approximately 28% MDD rate, the reported 11% MDD intake among children in this study is relatively low. There is a positive association between MDD intake in children and several factors, including maternal education, antenatal visits, wealth index, and residency. These findings highlight the need for policymakers and other stakeholders to give urgent attention to empowering parents to ensure adequate nutrient intake among children for better child growth and development.

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The prevalence and multilevel analysis of minimum dietary diversity intake and its determinants among 6–23 months old infants in The Gambia: further analysis of the Gambian demographic and health survey data

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Minimum meal frequency practice and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old in The Gambia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

Minimum meal frequency practice and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old in The Gambia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

Prevalence of multiple micronutrient powders consumption and its determinants among 6- to 23-month-old children in East Africa: a mixed effect analysis using the recent population based cross sectional national health survey

Minimum dietary diversity behaviour among children aged 6 to 24 months and their determinants: insights from 31 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries

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