The prevalence and trend of depression among veterans in the United States

Liu, Ying; Collins, Candice; Wang, Kesheng; Xie, Xin; Bie, Ronghai

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.031

Cited by 71 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…NHANES assessed depressive symptoms and functional impairment using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which constitutes a 9-item questionnaire about the frequency of depressive symptoms over the past 2 weeks (Table S1). 31,32 Each of the nine symptoms was scored by a 4-point response scale ranging from 0 to 3 (0 = not at all, 1 = several days, 2 = more than half the days, 3 = nearly every day). The sum-score of the PHQ-9 questionnaire was calculated by summing the nine items together, resulting in a variable ranging between 0 and 27.…”

Section: Definition Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in the United States

Kim

Yoo

et al. 2019

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Background: Currently, the relationship between depression and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not clearly defined. Aim:To determine whether depression is associated with NAFLD and NAFLD-related advanced fibrosis in a large population sample. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database among adults (20 years or older) in the United States (US). Depression and functional impairment due to depression were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). NAFLD was defined by utilising the US fatty liver index (USFLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the fatty liver index (FLI) in the absence of other causes of chronic liver disease. The presence and absence of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD were defined by Fibrosis-4 score.Results: Of the 10 484 subjects (mean age 47.0 years; 48.8% men), the prevalence of depression and functional impairment due to depression was higher in subjects with NAFLD than in those without. Compared to subjects without depression, those with depression were 1.6-2.2-fold more likely to have NAFLD. In our multivariate analyses, depression_med was associated with increased risk of NAFLD using USFLI (odds ratio [OR] 1.48 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.87), HSI (OR 1.51 95% CI 1.04-2.19) and FLI (OR 2.01 95% CI 1.65-2.48), respectively. The addition of diabetes, obesity and lipid profile to the model reduced the ORs for depression, but the significance persisted. Depression was not associated with NAFLD-related advanced fibrosis. Conclusions:In a nationally representative sample of US adults, depression was independently associated with NAFLD. | 591KIM et al.

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Section: Definition Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in the United States

Kim

Yoo

et al. 2019

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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“…13 It is of particular importance to examine such factors in veterans with PTSD and/or MDD given the prevalence of these disorders in the veteran population and the fact that both disorders are associated with a heightened risk for SI. [4][5][6][21][22][23] This study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining how a broad range of risk and protective factors related to incident SI risk over a seven-year period in a nationally representative sample of U.S. military veterans who screened positive for current PTSD and/or MDD and who did not endorse SI at a baseline assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purpose in Life and Conscientiousness Protect Against the Development of Suicidal Ideation in U.S. Military Veterans With PTSD and MDD: Results From the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

et al. 2019

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Background:Although several studies have examined risk factors for suicidal ideation among veterans, little is known about risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation in high-risk veteran samples. Thus, this study examined a broad range of risk and protective factors associated with the development of suicidal ideation in a high-risk sample of U.S. veterans who screened positive for current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative, prospective cohort study of U.S. veterans. Veterans completed self-report measures to screen for PTSD and MDD and to assess for risk and protective factors. The sample included 222 veterans with PTSD and/or MDD who did not endorse suicidal ideation at baseline and completed at least one assessment over a seven-year follow-up period. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine baseline factors associated with incident suicidal ideation. Results: Nearly one in three (27.1%) of veterans with PTSD and/or MDD developed suicidal ideation over the seven-year follow-up period. Non-Caucasian race and lower scores on measures of purpose in life, conscientiousness, and frequency of religious service attendance were independently associated with incident suicidal ideation. Lower purpose in life (52.3%) and conscientiousness (33.2%) explained the vast majority of variance in incident suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Nearly 30% of veterans with PTSD and/or MDD who did not endorse suicidal ideation at baseline developed suicidal ideation over a seven-year period. Prevention and treatment efforts designed to bolster purpose in life and conscientiousness may help mitigate risk for suicidal ideation in this high-risk population.

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“…Depression remains a central issue among the U.S. veteran population with recent research supporting a prevalence of 9.7% of depression among today's veterans (Liu et al, 2019) The US veteran population is also at an elevated risk of meeting criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in their lifetime (Wisco et al, 2014). The comorbidities of PTSD in the veteran population have been recently underscored as a mental health burden (Nichter et al, 2019) and highlight the need for a transdiagnostic approach that works to service multiple disorders.…”

Section: Theoretical and Research Basis For Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Delivered via Telehealth for the Treatment of Co-Occurring Depression, PTSD, and Nicotine Use in a Male Veteran

Smith

Coe

Meyer

2020

Clinical Case Studies

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Symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress, and substance use disorders commonly co-occur and are a tremendous health burden among the U.S. military veteran population. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an evidence-based, transdiagnostic, integrated approach that has been used to treat these problems. Delivering psychotherapy via telehealth helps to break down barriers to care. This case study describes the application of ACT via telehealth with a male veteran with co-occurring symptoms of depression, PTSD and nicotine addiction. His depressive symptoms, PTSD symptoms, and nicotine use decreased substantially over the course of therapy. He demonstrated increased willingness to experience negatively evaluated internal experiences such as emotions and urges to use nicotine, defusion from self-critical and other unhelpful thoughts, more consistent engagement in values-consistent behaviors, and increased behavioral engagement in his social life. Treatment implications and unique aspects of the telehealth modality are discussed. Recommendations are made for training clinicians who may be considering providing services via telehealth or using ACT.

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The prevalence and trend of depression among veterans in the United States

Cited by 71 publications

References 5 publications

Depression is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in the United States

Depression is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in the United States

Purpose in Life and Conscientiousness Protect Against the Development of Suicidal Ideation in U.S. Military Veterans With PTSD and MDD: Results From the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Delivered via Telehealth for the Treatment of Co-Occurring Depression, PTSD, and Nicotine Use in a Male Veteran

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