The Prevalence, Demographics, Clinical Features, Neuroimaging, and Inter-ethnic Differences of MOGAD in Malaysia with Global Perspectives

Ong, ZM; Arip, M; Ching, YM; Kumar, L; Terumalay, S; Sim, SH; Adenan, SM; Viswanathan, S

doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104168

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…MOG IgG positivity has a high specificity for MOGAD, at 97.8%-100%. Clinical features of MOGAD include preceding viral-like prodrome or vaccination, multifocal features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, altered mental status, optic neuritis, myelitis, neurogenic bowel or bladder, erectile dysfunction, paraplegia, history of nausea and vomiting and psychiatric manifestations [ 5 ]. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings for MOG-IgG positive encephalitis include mildly elevated white blood cell count (lymphocytic predominant) and elevated protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Patient With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Positive Encephalitis With Ring Enhancing Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) After COVID-19 Exposure

Jacobs¹,

Vu²,

Liu³

2022

Cureus

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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody has been associated with a wide range of neurological diseases, from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. However, MOG positivity with isolated encephalitis has been infrequently reported. MRI findings are usually of the demyelination type. In this case, we report on a patient with COVID-19 exposure who presented with altered mental status and multiple ring-enhancing lesions on MRI mimicking metastatic disease. Due to his unusual MRI findings and presentation, the correct diagnosis was not apparent until MOG antibody results came back positive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Patient With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Positive Encephalitis With Ring Enhancing Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) After COVID-19 Exposure

Jacobs¹,

Vu²,

Liu³

2022

Cureus

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“…Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) has a prevalence of 0.12 per 100,000 in the Malaysian population, with a male predilection of 2:1, and affects a younger age group of 23.8 ± 14.4 years [ 2 ]. The patient in our case report was 36 years old, which falls into the age group for MOGAD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MOG is a central nervous system (CNS) membrane protein expressed on the oligodendrocytes, and damage to MOG causes anti-MOG syndromes [4]. It has been postulated that antibodies directed at MOG play a role in CNS demyelination [2]. Patients with MOG-ON typically present with pain on eye movement and optic disc swelling and may also be associated with peripapillary hemorrhages and wrinkles [5][6][7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Optic Neuritis Presenting With Orbital Apex Syndrome

Sulaiman,

Kamardin,

Sultan Abdul Kader

et al. 2023

Cureus

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A 36-year-old man presented with an acute onset of a right eye monocular altitudinal defect associated with pain on eye movement upon waking up from sleep. His right eye subsequently developed outward deviation and a total loss of vision. Clinical examination of the right eye revealed a visual acuity of no light perception (NLP) with the presence of relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) and involvement of cranial nerves II, III, IV, and VI. A marked optic disc swelling and peripapillary hemorrhages were seen in the right fundus. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the brain and orbit showed a unilateral enlargement and enhancement of the right intraorbital and intracanalicular segments of the optic nerve with surrounding fat stranding and orbital apex crowding. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity and enhancement of the optic nerve and the myelin sheath. Serum anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies were detected. He was treated with corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin. His vision improved slowly after treatment. This case report shows the diverse manifestations of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease, which includes the orbital apex syndrome.

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“…The prevalence of MOGAD varies but is approximately 1.3 to 2.5 per 100 000, and the annual incidence is approximately 3.4–4.8 per million 18 . There are several population‐based studies of the incidence per 100 000 persons: 0.12 in Malaysia, 19 0.4 in Brazil, 20 0.51 in Thailand, 21 0.52 in Quebec US, 22 1.34 in Japan, 23 and 2.5 in Italy 24 …”

Section: Clinical Features and Diagnosis Of Mogadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disorders: An overview

Misu,

Matsumoto,

Kaneko

et al. 2023

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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In recent years, there is growing evidence of associations between antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and several phenotypes of acute inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), optic neuritis, brainstem, and cerebral cortical encephalitis, called MOG antibody associated disorders (MOGAD). Monophasic course is known in about half of cases especially in pediatric onset ADEM and optic neuritis, mainly in cases with transient positivity of MOG antibody. Pathological features of MOGAD are considered as acute demyelinating lesions with CD4 dominant cell infiltrations, the deposition of humoral immunity, perivascular inflammation and perivenous demyelination, which is distinct from multiple sclerosis. Now the diagnosis of MOGAD is based on the international panel criteria of MOGAD launched in 2023, which the diagnostic frameworks are three parts, including MOGAD‐specific clinical features, MOG antibody positivity, and the exclusion of other diseases. The prognosis of MOGAD patients is considered relatively mild, but the problem is refractory relapsing cases. For its prevention, there are no approved drugs, but oral tapering corticosteroids, immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and mycophenolic mofetil, rituximab, and the maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin are recommended, and now there are a few clinical trials of promising biological drugs already approved in other neurological disorders.

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The Prevalence, Demographics, Clinical Features, Neuroimaging, and Inter-ethnic Differences of MOGAD in Malaysia with Global Perspectives

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

A Patient With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Positive Encephalitis With Ring Enhancing Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) After COVID-19 Exposure

A Patient With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Positive Encephalitis With Ring Enhancing Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) After COVID-19 Exposure

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Optic Neuritis Presenting With Orbital Apex Syndrome

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disorders: An overview

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