The Prevalence of ADHD, ODD, Depression, and Anxiety in a Community Sample of 4-Year-Olds

Lavigne, John V.; LeBailly, Susan A.; Hopkins, Joyce; Gouze, Karen R.; Binns, Helen J.

doi:10.1080/15374410902851382

Cited by 343 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

275

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Boys were more likely than girls to evidence externalizing disorders, consistent with some previous epidemiological work, 13,17 including work suggesting that the sex difference in disruptive behavior disorders emerges in early childhood 11 ; others have not observed sex differences in early childhood. 19 The lack of sex differences in internalizing disorders is consistent with studies that show sex differences emerging in adolescence. 56 Sex differences also might be evident in patterns of individual symptom profiles or developmental pathways.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorder in a Representative, Healthy Birth Cohort at School Entry: Sociodemographic Risks and Social Adaptation

Carter

Wagmiller

Gray

et al. 2010

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

133

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective The aims of this paper are as follows: to present past-year prevalence data for DSM-IV disorders in the early elementary school years; to examine the impact of impairment criteria on prevalence estimates; to examine the relation of sociodemographic and psychosocial risk factors to disorders; and to explore associations between ”internalizing” and ”externalizing” disorders and social competence and family burden as further validation of the impairing nature of these disorders. Method As part of a longitudinal representative population study of children born healthy between July 1995 and September 1997 in the New Haven–Meriden Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area of the 1990 Census (n = 1,329), parents of a subsample enriched for child psychopathology (n = 442; 77.6% response rate, 69.5% of eligible sample) were interviewed in the child's kindergarten or first-grade year with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version IV (DISC-IV). Parents were surveyed about sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics, and both parents and teachers were surveyed about social competence. Results Approximately one in five (21.6 %) children met criteria for psychiatric disorder(s) with impairment. Sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates included persistent poverty beginning in early childhood, limited parental education, low family expressiveness, stressful life events, and violence exposure. Finally, diagnostic status was significantly associated with poorer social competence and family burden. Conclusions That approximately one in five children evidenced a psychiatric disorder with impairment during the transition to formal schooling highlights the importance of integrating psychiatric epidemiological and developmental approaches to inform conversations about school readiness and intervention planning.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorder in a Representative, Healthy Birth Cohort at School Entry: Sociodemographic Risks and Social Adaptation

Carter

Wagmiller

Gray

et al. 2010

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

133

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous research has shown that, compared with girls, boys more often exhibit ADHD-related behaviors (Gershon & Gershon, 2002;Lavigne, LeBailly, Hopkins, Gouze, & Binns, 2009). Boys also spend more time using media than girls (Rideout, Foehr, & Roberts, 2010) and are more attracted to violent and action-packed media (Cantor, 1998;Olson et al, 2007;Valkenburg & Janssen, 1999).…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Nikkelen¹,

Valkenburg

Huizinga³

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychology

247

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are several theoretical reasons to believe that media use might be related to attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD-related behaviors (i.e., attention problems, hyperactivity, and impulsivity). Although studies into the media-ADHD relationship have accumulated, they have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we still do not know whether children's media use and ADHD-related behaviors are related and, if so, under which conditions. To fill this gap in the literature, we first identified 6 different hypotheses that may explain why media use in general and viewing fast-paced or violent media content might be related to 1 or more ADHD-related behaviors. Subsequently, we conducted a meta-analysis of 45 empirical studies investigating the relationship between media use and ADHDrelated behaviors in children and adolescents. Our results indicated a small significant relationship between media use and ADHD-related behaviors (r ϩ ϭ .12). Finally, we identified several specific gaps in the existing literature and presented 5 crucial directions for future research. Keywords: ADHD, attention problems, hyperactivity, impulsivity, media useIn the past four decades, children's media entertainment (e.g., cartoons, TV shows, and computer games) has changed significantly. It has become more fast-paced, violent, and arousing (Allen, Livingstone, & Reiner, 1998;Bushman, Jamieson, Weitz, & Romer, 2013;Koolstra, van Zanten, Lucassen, & Ishaak, 2004), and it has become abundantly accessible to ever younger children. These same four decades have also witnessed a significant increase in the diagnosis rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Akinbami, Liu, Pastor, & Reuben, 2011;Kelleher, McInerny, Gardner, Childs, & Wasserman, 2000;Visser et al., 2014). ADHD is a behavioral disorder characterized by a cluster of three symptoms: attention problems, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th The parallel between changes occurring in children's media environment and ADHD diagnosis rates have led to a concern among some authors that use of media entertainment may influence ADHD-related behaviors (e.g., Christakis, 2009;Jensen et al., 1997;Nigg, 2006;Sigman, 2007). Although studies into the relationship between children's media use and ADHD-related behaviors have accumulated, they have yielded mixed results (also see Kirkorian, Wartella, & Anderson, 2008;Schmidt & Vandewater, 2008). It is essential to gain more understanding of the media-ADHD relationship in order to design adequate prevention and intervention strategies aimed at children displaying behavioral problems. To date, no attempt has been made to integrate the inconsistent findings in the current literature using meta-analysis. To fill this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies investigating the relationship between the use of screen entertainment media (i.e., television viewing and video game playing) and ADHD-related behaviors in children or adolescents under the age of 18.For this ...

show abstract

“…1,2 Prospective studies indicate that later behavioral and emotional problems begin already in the preschool years. [3][4][5] Available preschool studies report prevalences varying between 7% and 26%, [6][7][8][9][10][11] figures which are comparable to those found among school-aged children, adolescents and adults. 12 The potential long-term effects of treating preschool psychopathology may thus be vast.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The prevalence in the present population 11 was in line with Scandinavian findings [22][23][24][25] and fairly low compared to other preschool studies in the US. [6][7][8][9][10] Thus, to increase the generalizability of our results, we will determine screening efficiencies for the most common range of prevalences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Psychiatric Disorders in Preschoolers: Screening With the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Sveen

Berg-Nielsen

Lydersen

et al. 2013

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine screening efficiency for preschool psychopathology by comparing the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire against diagnostic information, and to determine the added value of impact scores and teacher information.Method: Using a two-phase sampling design a population-based sample of 845 4-year-olds was recruited from community health check-ups in Trondheim, Norway; screen score stratified and oversampled for high screening scores. Blinded to screen ratings, DSM-IV diagnoses were assigned using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment interview, against which the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores were compared through Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis.Results: Emotional and behavioral disorders were identified through parent ratings with a specificity of 88.8% (87.0-90.6%) and a sensitivity of 65.1% (51.6-78.6%). The negative predictive value was 97.9% (96.8-98.9%), whereas the positive predictive value was 24.2% (18.0-30.3%) at a prevalence of 5.2%. Parental ratings identified more behavioral disorders (79.3%) than emotional disorders (59.2%). Screening for any disorder was somewhat less efficient; specificity 88.9% (87.0-90.7%), sensitivity 54.2% (41.8-66.6%), negative predictive value 96.4% (95.0-97.8%) and positive predictive value 25.9% (19.6-32.2%) at a prevalence of 6.7%. The AUC value was 0.83 (0.76-0.90) for emotional and behavioral disorders and 0.76 (0.68-0.83) for any disorder. The prediction accuracy was not improved by impact scores or teacher information. Conclusions:The results indicate that preschoolers' emotional and behavioral disorders can be screened with the same efficiency as in older children and adults. Other disorders were identified to a lesser extent. Further research should explore the potential of preschool screening to improve early detection and subsequent intervention.

show abstract

The Prevalence of ADHD, ODD, Depression, and Anxiety in a Community Sample of 4-Year-Olds

Cited by 343 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorder in a Representative, Healthy Birth Cohort at School Entry: Sociodemographic Risks and Social Adaptation

Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorder in a Representative, Healthy Birth Cohort at School Entry: Sociodemographic Risks and Social Adaptation

Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Detecting Psychiatric Disorders in Preschoolers: Screening With the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About