The prevalence of alcohol, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants amongst injured drivers and their role in driver culpability

Longo, Marie; Hunter, Christine E.; Lokan, Robert J.; White, Jason M.; White, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(99)00110-4

Cited by 183 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In any case, the high OR estimate obtained for sleepiness/ drowsiness supports the increasing importance given to this factor in recent years as an immediate cause of traffic crashes (33,(38)(39)(40). In addition, our results once again document the effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of being involved in a traffic crash (33,34,(41)(42)(43). The large increase in both crude and adjusted OR estimates for drivers with a positive breath test in comparison to drivers under the influence of alcohol but who did not take a breath test may reflect the joint effect of several factors: (a) information bias in the police officers' visual assessment of the drivers' sobriety (27), (b) other information bias if police officers tended to request a breath test only if they believed that the driver had committed an infraction in this crash (26), and (c) an approximately dose-dependent relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of causing a collision, assuming that police officers tended to request a breath test more frequently if the driver presented evident signs of inebriation.…”

Section: Factors Directly Related With Collisionssupporting

confidence: 78%

Association of main driver-dependent risk factors with the risk of causing a vehicle collision in Spain, 1990–1999

Lardelli-Claret

Luna

Jiménez-Moleón

et al. 2003

Annals of Epidemiology

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PURPOSE:To assess the strength of association of main driver-dependent risk factors with the risk of causing a collision between vehicles in Spain, from 1990 to 1999. METHODS:The data for this paired-by-collision, case-control study were obtained from the Spanish Dirección General de Tráfico traffic crash database. The study included all 220,284 collisions involving two or more vehicles with four or more wheels, in which only one of the drivers involved committed an infraction. Infractor drivers comprised the case group; noninfractor drivers involved in the same collision were their corresponding paired controls. RESULTS: All driver-dependent factors were associated with the risk of causing a collision. The highest adjusted odds ratio estimates were obtained for sleepiness (64.35; CI, inappropriate speed (28.33; CI,, and driving under the influence of alcohol with a positive breath test (22.32; CI,). An increase in the number of years in possession of a driving license showed a protective effect, albeit the strength of the effect decreased as age increased. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the urgent need to implement strategies aimed mainly at controlling speeding, sleepiness, and alcohol consumption before driving-the main driver-dependent risk factors for causing a vehicle collision.

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Section: Factors Directly Related With Collisionssupporting

confidence: 78%

Association of main driver-dependent risk factors with the risk of causing a vehicle collision in Spain, 1990–1999

Lardelli-Claret

Luna

Jiménez-Moleón

et al. 2003

Annals of Epidemiology

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“…This is aggravated by the fact that young people generally consume more alcohol and drugs than adults of more advanced age, and tend to exceed speed limits and ignore other traffic safety standards more, which increases the chances of accidents (8)(9) . In a study carried out in Londrina in the year 2000, it was verified that 65.6% of male young people had already been involved in traffic accidents, 15.6% had already participated in street races and 44.6% had consumed alcoholic beverages and driven a vehicle afterwards in the last 30 days (10) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pesquisa foi realizada entre novembro de 2006 e abril de 2007 com 74 pacientes internados em um hospital de São Paulo. Foram predominantes indivíduos do sexo masculino (91,9%), média de idade de 31, 8 anos, brancos (51,3%), vítimas de acidentes de trabalho (51,4%). As fraturas de membros inferiores representaram 73,0% dos casos e membros superiores 13,5%.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Adultos com fraturas: das implicações funcionais e cirúrgicas à educação em saúde

Itami¹,

Faro

Meneghin

et al. 2009

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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“…Therefore, it is not possible to infer whether the incidence of drug use was higher among deceased drivers and motorcyclists compared with that of the general community [4]. Secondly, it should be noted that the presence of drugs in drivers does not necessarily mean that the drug was a causal factor in the MVC [26]. Indeed, some of the drugs detected in this study e.g., paracetamol, are not known to produce driving impairment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…It should be noted that cannabis metabolites persist for some time in the body before they are eliminated, and can therefore be detected long after any psychological effect or impairment has disappeared [26]. In addition, financial and time constraints imposed on some studies may mean that cannabis testing is prioritized, leading to an apparent increase in prevalence [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological findings in driver and motorcyclist fatalities in Scotland 2012–2015

Hamnett

Ilett

Izzati

et al. 2017

Forensic Science International

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Highlights  The toxicological findings in driver and motorcycle fatalities in Scotland have been examined. Fifty-seven percent of the cases examined were positive for drugs and/or alcohol. The most common findings were alcohol and cannabinoids. AbstractFatal motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) continue to be a common occurrence worldwide. This paper presents a retrospective analysis of the toxicological investigation of drivers and motorcyclists fatally injured in MVCs in Scotland from 2012 to 2015. One hundred and eighteen cases with full toxicological analysis, i.e., alcohol, drugs of abuse and prescription drugs, were examined. Of those 118 MVC cases, 74 (63%) were car drivers, 32 (27%) were motorcyclists and the remaining were drivers of other vehicles such as large goods vehicles. The majority of deceased drivers and motorcyclists were male (N = 104, 88%). For the toxicological findings, 51 (43%) were negative, and of the 67 (57%) positive cases, alcohol and cannabinoids were the most frequently detected substances, followed by opiates and benzodiazepines. Fifteen percent of all drivers and motorcyclists were over the prescribed blood alcohol limit at the time of analysis. In comparison to previous reports

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The prevalence of alcohol, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants amongst injured drivers and their role in driver culpability

Cited by 183 publications

References 14 publications

Association of main driver-dependent risk factors with the risk of causing a vehicle collision in Spain, 1990–1999

Association of main driver-dependent risk factors with the risk of causing a vehicle collision in Spain, 1990–1999

Adultos com fraturas: das implicações funcionais e cirúrgicas à educação em saúde

Toxicological findings in driver and motorcyclist fatalities in Scotland 2012–2015

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