The Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease; its Risk and Protective Factors Among the Elderly Population in Iran

Gholamzadeh, Sakineh; Heshmati, Banafsheh; Mani, Arash; Petramfar, Peyman; Baghery, Zahra

doi:10.5812/semj.57576

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…According to the study by Gholamzadeh et al, 7.85% of Iranian people were identified with cognitive impairment. However, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease was 2.3% (23). Reduction of attention and memory in HD patients may cause some limitations to attend in their dialysis schedules, give medications, fluid (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ٍEvaluation of attention and memory function in hemodialysis patients; a study based on hemodialysis duration

et al. 2019

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Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the health problems in today's world. Neuropsychological problems are more common in hemodialysis (HD) patients than in healthy individuals. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term HD on memory function of these patients. Patients and Methods: Our study, included 80 HD patients of whom 39 were under 6 months of HD and 41 patients as another group which had a history of HD more than 6 months. Results: The population had a mean age of 51.60 years old (27.5% female). The scores of patients who have been hemodialyzed for a long-time (median time of HD was up to 4 years) had lower score in forward digit (FD), backward digit score test (BD), letter digit modality task (LDMT), letter symbol digit modality task (LSDMT) (5.49; 3.61; 21.12; 17.66) than the HD patients who underwent HD for a shorter term, with the median time of 3 to 5 months (7.38; 4.79; 39.77; 43.38) (P < 0.001). Conclusion:The present study demonstrated that end-stage HD patients who were under HD for a long time had significantly lower scores in the memory and attention tests. However, additional researches are needed in this area. ABSTRACTImplication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: ESRD patients who were under HD for a long time had significantly lower scores in the memory and attention tests. Please cite this paper as: Alidadi A, Bakhshani NM, Sabayan B, Ansari-Moghadam A. Evaluation of attention and memory function in hemodialysis patients; a study based on hemodialysis duration. J Nephropathol. 2020;9(3):e28.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ٍEvaluation of attention and memory function in hemodialysis patients; a study based on hemodialysis duration

et al. 2019

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“…Amnestic MCI as a precursor to Alzheimer Disease (AD) is more common than other types [6]. In Iran, the prevalence of AD was 2.3% in 2018 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Neuropsychological Function Tests in Predicting Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly

Amani

2020

Caspian J Neurol Sci

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Background: Various studies have documented age-related changes in cognitive abilities and neural basis. Objectives: To investigate the role of neuropsychological function tests in predicting amnestic mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study with a correlational design, the study population included elderly people over 60 years old residing in Bojnord City, Iran, in the spring of 2019. The participants were selected by cluster sampling method (n=128). The study instruments included the Bender-Gestalt test, Wechsler memory scale-revised, Wechsler adult intelligence scale third edition, and behavior rating inventory of executive functions. According to the scores of the elderly in the Wechsler memory scale (cut-off score=70), the participants were divided into two groups with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and no MCI. For analyzing data, the discriminant analysis was performed using SPSS v. 23. Results: Discriminant analysis showed that the obtained discriminant function had a significant diagnostic power (χ2 =166.001, P<0.0001) and 70% of the difference between the two groups with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and no mild cognitive impairment was explained by scores of fluid intelligence, visual-motor coordination, and executive functions. The predictor variables correctly classified 96.9% of the elderly in the groups of amnestic MCI and no MCI. Visual-motor coordination (coefficient=0.53) and fluid intelligence (coefficient=-0.54) were strong variables in predicting amnestic MCI. Conclusion: Neuropsychological function tests can help predict amnestic MCI in the elderly

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“…Other health problems, such as depression and cognitive impairment, may also interfere with elderly individuals’ communication abilities and cause other special healthcare needs. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 7.85% in an Iranian elderly population [ 6 ] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of empathy skills training on nursing students’ empathy and attitudes toward elderly people

et al. 2018

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BackgroundNursing students’ empathy and positive attitudes toward elderly people could help provide improved elderly care in their future practice. This study aimed to investigate the effects of empathy skills training on nursing students’ empathy and attitudes toward elderly people.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted in Yasuj, Iran in 2014. The sample consisted of 63 students at Hazrat Zeinab Nursing and Midwifery School who were randomly divided into a control (n = 31) and an intervention group (n = 32). The intervention group attended an eight-hour workshop on empathy skills that was presented through lectures, demonstration, group discussions, scenarios, and questioning. The data were collected using the Persian versions of Kogan’s Attitudes towards Old People Scale and Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Health Professionals Version. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS software, version 19 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsThe results showed that the empathy skills training program had a significant impact on the students’ mean scores of empathy and attitudes toward elderly people (p < 0.001). The intervention group’s mean score of empathy increased from 77.8 (SD = 10.7) before the intervention to 86 (SD = 7.3) immediately after that and 85.2 (SD = 8.9) 2 months later. Their mean score of attitude also increased from 110.8 (SD = 10.9) before the intervention to 155.2 (SD = 23.4) immediately after the intervention and 158.6 (SD = 23.2) 2 months later. Additionally, the empathy and attitude scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those for control group immediately and 2 months after the intervention.ConclusionsEmpathy skills training improved the nursing students’ empathy and attitudes towards elderly people. Therefore, empathy training is recommended to be incorporated into the undergraduate nursing curriculum.

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The Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease; its Risk and Protective Factors Among the Elderly Population in Iran

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

ٍEvaluation of attention and memory function in hemodialysis patients; a study based on hemodialysis duration

ٍEvaluation of attention and memory function in hemodialysis patients; a study based on hemodialysis duration

The Role of Neuropsychological Function Tests in Predicting Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly

The effects of empathy skills training on nursing students’ empathy and attitudes toward elderly people

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