The prevalence of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review of meta-analyses

Sahebi, Ali; Nejati-Zarnaqi, Bayram; Moayedi, Siamak; Yousefi, Kosar; Torres, Mercedes; Golitaleb, Mohamad

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110247

Cited by 223 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The disparity may be attributed to differences in the anxiety assessment instrument used, the prevalence of COVID-19 and the cut-off values used to dichotomize the outcome. However, the current prevalence of anxiety was similar with a pooled prevalence from a systematic review reported by Sofia et al [ 40 ], a study among medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19 [ 41 ], a report from a recent umbrella review [ 8 ] and another systematic review [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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Introduction In late 2019, a new coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease 2019) was identified. As there is no any drug to treat this pandemic, the healthcare professionals are disproportionately at higher risk. The mental health outcome is expected to be high. Anxiety is expected to have a significant impact on health professionals, especially among those who work without adequate resources for self-protection. Objectives The objectives of this research was to assess self-reported anxiety symptoms and associated factors among Ethiopian healthcare professionals in the early stages of the pandemic. Methods We have conducted an online cross-sectional study to collect information from healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during the early stage of the outbreak from April 7, 2020 to May 19, 2020. GAD-7 was used for measurement of anxiety. We have used a cut of point of 10 and above to report anxiety symptoms. We have used Google Forms for online data collection and SPSS-22 for analysis. To determine associated factors for anxiety, a binary logistic regression model was used. Variables with p-value < 0.2 during the bivariable binary logistic regression were exported for further analysis in the multivariable binary logistic regression. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as significantly associated with the outcomes. Results Three hundred and eighty-eight healthcare professionals filled the online questionnaire; Majority (71.1%) were males. Significant number of respondents (78.9%) reported lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) at the work place. The prevalence of anxiety was 26.8%. Being female (AOR: 1.88; 95% C.I:1.11, 3.19), visiting/treating 30–150 patients per day (AOR: 3.44; 95% C.I:1.51, 7.84), those employed at private healthcare institutions (AOR: 2.40; 95% C.I:1.17, 4.90), who do not believe that COVID-19 is preventable (AOR: 2.04; 95% C.I:1.04, 4.03) and those who reported lack of PPE (AOR: 1.98; 95% C.I:1.04, 3.79) were more likely to be anxious. Conclusions The anxiety prevalence among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during early stage of COVID-19 pandemic was high. This study shows that lack of preventive equipment, being female, contact with many patients, low self-efficacy and working in private health facilities were risk factors for anxiety. Anxiety prevention among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic requires a holistic approach including provision of sufficient PPE, improving self-efficacy and addressing problems both at public and private institutions and focusing more on female health professionals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The COVID-19 pandemic has been attributed to a range of anxiety and mental illness exacerbation [ 6 , 7 ]. A recent umbrella review showed that the prevalence of anxiety among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic was 24.94% [ 8 ]. Another systematic review also showed that the pooled prevalence of anxiety was 30% [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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“… 7 An umbrella review of meta-analyses revealed that the magnitude of depression and anxiety were 24.94% and 24.83% respectively. 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in North West Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Asnakew¹,

Amha²,

Kassew³

2021

NDT

100

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Background The coronavirus has affected nearly every aspect of our lives. Most importantly the health-care workers (HCWs) are under insurmountable psychological pressures which lead them to various mental health problems, such as anxiety, stress, and depression. Objective This study aimed to assess mental health adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic on health-care workers in North West Ethiopia 2020. Materials and Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A simple random sampling technique was applied and 419 participants completed the questionnaire. Mental health adverse effects were measured using the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21). Data were entered into Epi data version 4.4.2 then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were employed. The level of significance of association was determined at a p-value < 0.05. Results Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in this study was 58.2%, 64.7%, and 63.7%, respectively Those who had a medical illness, and mental illness, contact with confirmed COVID-19 pts, and poor social support showed a statistically significant association with depression. Female sex, participants who had families with chronic illness, had contact with confirmed COVID-19 case and poor social support had statistically significant association with anxiety, whereas participants who had families with chronic illness had contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases, and those participants who had poor social support were predictors of stress during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion The magnitudes of mental health problems were higher and the concerned body should emphasize the continuous assessment of the mental health of health-care workers during this pandemic.

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“…A previous study also found that during the coronavirus pandemic, Bulgarians with minimal generalized anxiety predominated, followed by those with mild generalized anxiety [14]. Some other studies also found predominance of healthcare specialists with minimal or mild generalized anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: about 94% in ethiopia [42], about 85% in Finland [43], about 80% across 21 countries [44], approximately 75% in Russia [45], Saudi Arabia [46,47] and in other countries, as a meta-analysis of 110 studies found [48] and as a systematic review of 29 studies found [49]. probably the predominance of minimal and mild anxiety in the majority of health professionals may be due to their sense of empowerment acquired through knowledge and training [50], awareness for best practices, achieved success [22], confidence in their ability to care for patients [10]; perception of the profession as a vocation [51] that gives meaning to life and sets a goal for existence; the support received through personal protective equipment provided, protective clothing [10,52], financial support [52], supporting managers [12], etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized anxiety in healthcare workers during the coronavirus pandemic

Mihaylova

Koychev

Stoyanova

et al. 2021

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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The coronavirus pandemic affects the lifestyle, mental and physical health of people, especially those at direct risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2. In the period from November 2020 to February 2021, data were collected from 296 healthcare workers through the GAD-7 generalized anxiety questionnaire, as well as through self-assessment of their physical and mental health status, and the degree of perceiving the coronavirus as a threat. The results show that about one-third of the participating healthcare workers experienced mild generalized anxiety, and about one-fifth of them, moderate or severe symptoms of anxiety. Health professionals with the highest generalized anxiety were younger, with deteriorated physical and mental health (not only subjectively estimated by the participants but also objectively diagnosed health workers with coronavirus), less religious, having an intimate partner. More perceived threat of coronavirus was associated with increased generalized anxiety in healthcare professionals. Healthcare workers with a higher level of generalized anxiety were more likely to have difficulties doing their jobs, taking care of things at home, or getting along with other people. The anxiety experienced is of immense importance for the functioning of the individual. It is recommendable for healthcare specialists to feel that they receive social support to reduce their anxiety levels and to better balance their work and personal life, having more free time to take care of themselves and their close relationships.

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The prevalence of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review of meta-analyses

Cited by 223 publications

References 37 publications

Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia

Anxiety and associated factors among Ethiopian health professionals at early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia

Mental Health Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in North West Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Generalized anxiety in healthcare workers during the coronavirus pandemic

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