The prevalence of bacterial resistance in clinical, food, water and some environmental samples in Southwest Nigeria

Abstract

The resistance pattern and mechanisms of bacterial isolates obtained from clinical origin, soil, industrial effluent, orange juice products and drinking water were studied using commonly used antibiotics. The microbial load of the water samples, industrial effluent and orange juice products were 1.0 x 10(1)-2.25 x 10(6), 2.15 x 10(5), and 3.5 x 10(4)-2.15 x 10(5) cfu mL(-1), respectively. The faecal coliform test revealed that only two out of twenty orange juice products had MPN of 2 and 20, the MPN of water ranged from 1-> or = 1800, while the effluent had MPN of > or = 1800. The bacterial isolates that were isolated include E. coli, S. aureus, P. vulgaris, S. marcescens, S. pyogenes, B. cereus, B. subtilis, Micrococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp. Also, clinical and soil isolates of P. aeruginosa were used in the study. Among the eight antibiotics tested for resistance on five strains of each bacterium, seven different resistance patterns were observed among the bacterial isolates obtained from water, effluent and orange juice products. Among the clinical and soil isolates of P. aeruginosa, four multiple-drug resistance patterns were obtained. Thirty strains of E. coli and S. aureus were tested for beta-lactamase production and fourteen strains, seven each of E. coli and S. aureus that had high Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values (MIC) for both Amoxycillin and Cloxacillin were positive.

Enumeration and Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteria in Effluent from Municipal, Hospital, and Secondary Treatment Facility Sources

“…There is considerable potential for dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and resistant determinants from such sources through contamination of food and water (5,11). The risk may be greatest when contaminated wastewater is discharged directly into the environment.…”

Genes That Enhance the Ecological Fitness of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in Sediments Reveal the Value of Antibiotic Resistance

“…A limited group of studies have also shown that antibiotic production mutants are less fit than their antibiotic-producing brethren (25). In situ antibiotic resistance studies have similarly focused on demonstrating the presence of cultivatable antibiotic-resistant bacteria from a number of habitats (20). The significance of this study is that the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (and likely function) is shown to confer an ecological advantage on these microorganisms.…”

Environmental impact assessment of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on surface and groundwater quality using geo-electrical imaging and microbiological analysis

“…Similarly, the production of β-lactamase enzyme by all the isolated organisms was tested on starch agar plates as reported in Lateef et al (2005). Production of β-lactamase is indicated by a clear colorless zone around the colonies when the starch agar plates are flooded with iodine.…”