The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001–2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health

Abstract

Objectives: Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disturbance of vaginal microflora, is a common cause of vaginal symptoms and is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections,HIV, and with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We determined prevalence and associations with BV among a representative sample of women of reproductive age in the United States.Study Design: Women aged 14 -49 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 were asked to submit a self-collected vaginal swab for Gram staining. BV, determined using Nugent's score, was defined as a score of 7-10.Results: The prevalence of BV was 29.2% (95% confidence interval 27.2%-31.3%) corresponding to 21 million women with BV; only 15.7% of the women with BV reported vaginal symptoms. Prevalence was 51.4% among non-Hispanic blacks, 31.9% among Mexican Americans, and 23.2% among non-Hispanic whites (P <0.01 for each comparison). Although BV was also associated with poverty (P <0.01), smoking (P <0.05), increasing body mass index ( 2 P <0.0001 for trend), and having had a female sex partner (P <0.005), in the multivariate model, BV only remained positively associated with race/ ethnicity, increasing lifetime sex partners ( 2 P <0.001 for trend), increasing douching frequency ( 2 P for trend <0.001), low educational attainment (P <0.01), and inversely associated with current use of oral contraceptive pills (P <0.005).Conclusion: BV is a common condition; 84% of women with BV did not report symptoms. Because BV increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, BV could contribute to racial disparities in these infections.

Our Experience on Vaginal Discharge in Reproductive Age Groups Causing By Microorganisms in a Tertiary Care Indian Teaching Hospital

“…Figure 4 shows the clue cells. This is comparable to the study of Koumans et al [9] who had also found a 29.2%…”

Prevalencia de vaginosis bacteriana y factores asociados en veinte ciudades del Perú

“…En el mundo, el África Subsahariana registra las prevalencias más altas de VB, sobre todo en las zonas afectadas por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). En Norteamérica, una de cada tres mujeres tienen VB (1) . En Latinoamérica, Chile reporta hasta un 32% (2) en tanto que en adolescentes del Brasil se reportan prevalencias de más de 30%, ya sea con pruebas de pH y KOH, o con puntaje de Nugent (3) .…”

Reproductive Health in Lesbian: Review

“…19,20,24 Büyük örneklemli bir çalışmada, lezbiyenlerde BV (%45,2) prevalansı heteroseksüel gruba (%28,8) göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. 25 Kadın cinsel partner ve BV arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen sistematik çalışma ve meta-analiz sonuçları, kadın seks partnerine sahip olan kadınlarda BV gelişme riskinin iki kat fazla olduğunu göstermektedir. 13 Vajinal sıvı değişimi ya da kadın partnerler arasındaki diğer paylaşılan davranışlar BV oluşumuna katkı da bulunabilmektedir.…”