The prevalence of brucellosis among sheep and goats in northern Iraq

Karim, M. A.; Penjouian, E. K.; Dessouky, F. I.

doi:10.1007/bf02237799

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results showed in Table (1) that the percentage of infection was (31.76)% of the total (148) . (9) In the sheep for all governorates of Iraq were (4.38%) and Baghdad in particular (3.72)% , while in (10,11,12 ) was ( 7.9,0.93,13.3%) to take over, and converged with the study (13,14) (55.76) and (56)% in Nineveh, but in Al-Anbar it 6.44% in ewe . The wetlands were (10%) in the treated ewes, (18.75%) in nonaborted patients and (14.7%) in males (15), while(16)refers the effect of sex was 3.8% for male and 1.7% female .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Survey for ovine and caprine brucellosis in Kirkuk

Asgar

2019

AJVS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in the province of Kirkuk and its environs. Rose Bengal test was used on males and females of sheep and goats for the period from 1/1/2016 to 31/12/2016 in the veterinary hospital in Kirkuk and based on the cases received at the veterinary hospital. The incidence of brucellosis was 32.2% of total animals, 97.9% of females and 2.1% of males. For animal species, the rate of infection in sheep and goats was 89.6% and 10.4%, respectively. Abortion occurred in the eight, eleven and ninth month of the year and the most extreme in the Laylan, Yayci and City centre this percentage of the infection is high.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Survey for ovine and caprine brucellosis in Kirkuk

Asgar

2019

AJVS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Brucellosis is worldwide disease particularly in Near East countries, Middle East, Iran, Turkey, Syria, Jordan and Iraq, including northern provinces: Nainava, Duhok, Erbil, Kirkuk and Sulaimani (Mathur et al, 1974;Karim et al, 1979). It has been an endemic disease in the area, probably from the time of Ottoman state, due to the importation of desirable quality or pure breeds of cattle and goats, precisely Shami and Angora from Syria and Turkey respectively (Obi et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nielsen (1966) reported brucellosis among sheep and goats from Baghdad. Mathur et al (1974) and Karim et al (1979) showed the incidence of brucellosis among cattle, sheep and goats of the northern region of Iraq. In 1978, a serological survey was carried out among sheep of Serwan district/Halabja governmental farms, 70 km east of Sulaimani, which showed many positive reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Serological Investigations of Brucellosis Among Farm Animals and Humans in Northern Provinces of Iraq (1974–2004)

Shareef

2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Brucellosis is an endemic anthropozoonotic disease in most Middle East countries including Iraq. It causes considerable loss of economy and energy, particularly in the rural areas. Since 1966 when the prevalence of brucella agglutinin from slaughtered sheep and goat was reported in Baghdad, several trials have been conducted including serological studies of brucellosis in the northern provinces of Iraq (Nainava, Duhok, Erbil, Kirkuk and Sulaimani). Humans, sheep, goats, cattle and buffalo have been involved. The studies also included isolation and identification of Brucella species, including B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. ovis. Local veterinary authorities, international organizations, universities and some NGOs have been involved. Moreover, limited efforts have been reported concerning the control and eradication of the disease among goats and sheep in some restricted areas. A limited vaccination program for newborn lambs and kids also has been conducted by the FAO, which was involved in the veterinary emergency plan for brucellosis in 2000. Northern provinces share an extensive border with Iran, Turkey and Syria, in addition to the direct and intimate contacts with other provinces of Iraq, which share borders with Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Hence any strategic planning for the control or eradication of this devastating anthropozoonotic disease in the country should be implemented regionally and not locally.

show abstract

“…The causative agent, a Gram-negative, facultative, intracellular bacterial pathogen, can cause serious infections in people and animals (16). The main Brucella species found in sheep and goats in the Middle East is Brucella melitensis (4,7,21,22,27,31). The principal symptoms in sheep and goats are, as follows: -abortion, typically in the third or fourth month of pregnancy -the birth of weak lambs which do not thrive -infertility (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Middle East, brucellosis has long been recognised as a problem for humans and animals with a high economic impact throughout the region. The disease has been reported in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Syria, with varying incidences (1,4,7,21,27,30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and animal brucellosis in Jordan between 1996 and 1998: a study

Fk¹,

El-Qaderi²,

Nq³

et al. 2004

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Between 1996 and 1998, a total of 2,494 samples of blood from humans and animals were collected and tested for brucellosis. This total included 1,594 samples of animal blood, collected from 1,050 sheep from 20 flocks, and 544 goats from eight herds. The serum samples were tested using the Rose Bengal test, the tube agglutination test, the complement fixation test and an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, a complete history was compiled from each flock/herd. The rate of abortions in sheep due to brucellosis ranged from 0.5% to 56%, with a mean of 33.2%. The goats had a higher abortion rate. Thirtyfour aborted sheep foetuses collected from these 20 flocks were bacteriologically and pathologically examined. A pure culture of Brucella melitensis biotype 3 was isolated from 21 of the aborted foetuses. The human blood samples were collected from two groups: first, from 800 apparently healthy people who were reporting to community hospitals for routine health checks and secondly, from 100 people from groups with a high-risk of contracting brucellosis, such as veterinarians, sheep-herders and laboratory technicians. The Brucella antibody titres for the 900 human serum samples were obtained using the microtitre agglutination test. The cumulative percentage of the serum samples showing a titre reading greater than 1:80 was higher in the atrisk group than among the normal population (7% compared to 4.1%). Although these results were not statistically significant, the higher percentage of positive reactors among the high-risk group may indicate an increased risk factor among professional agricultural and veterinary personnel in Jordan. It was concluded that brucellosis is common in sheep and goats in Jordan, subjecting the human population to high risks. Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 vaccination has been internationally recognised as the key to successfully controlling the disease. All animals in Jordan were repeatedly vaccinated between 1996 and 1998 on a trial basis, using a reduced dose of 1 ϫ ϫ 10 5 colonyforming units (CFU). Cumulative data on the annual rate of human cases of brucellosis indicate that fewer people are affected each year. The same is true for the rate of abortions in animals. Such evidence strongly suggests that the vaccination programme has been successful. However, as wild strains of Brucella have also been isolated from vaccinated animals, the authors recommend increasing the amount of vaccine to a full dose of 1 to 2 ϫ ϫ 10 9 CFU and vaccinating young female animals between the ages of three and eight months. To avoid brucellosis in humans, people should be educated about the dangers of contact with infected animals and the consumption of raw milk and milk products.

show abstract

The prevalence of brucellosis among sheep and goats in northern Iraq

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Survey for ovine and caprine brucellosis in Kirkuk

Survey for ovine and caprine brucellosis in Kirkuk

A Review of Serological Investigations of Brucellosis Among Farm Animals and Humans in Northern Provinces of Iraq (1974–2004)

Human and animal brucellosis in Jordan between 1996 and 1998: a study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About