The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the description of concurrent treatments: A two-center retrospective cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia

Alshaya, Omar A.; Korayem, Ghazwa B.; Alghwainm, Munirah; Alyami, Wed; Alotaibi, Albandari; Alyami, Majed S.; Almohammed, Omar A.

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102054

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102054

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The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the description of concurrent treatments: A two-center retrospective cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia

Omar A. Alshaya,

Ghazwa B. Korayem,

Munirah Alghwainm

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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The Role of Melatonin in the Inflammatory Process in Patients with Hyperglycemia and Leishmania Infection

Martins,

Ferrari,

de Queiroz

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes chronic high blood sugar levels, and diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections. American cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by a parasite that affects the skin and mucous membranes, leading to one or multiple ulcerative lesions. Chronic inflammation and functional changes in various organs and systems, including the immune system, are the primary causes of both diseases. Melatonin, an essential immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective agent, can benefit many immunological processes and infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis. Although, limited reports are available on diabetic patients with leishmaniasis. The literature suggests that melatonin may play a promising role in inflammatory disorders. This study was designed to assess melatonin levels and inflammatory mediators in diabetic patients affected by leishmaniasis. Blood samples from 25 individuals were analyzed and divided into four groups: a control group (without any diseases), a Leishmania-positive group, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients with a combination of both diseases. This study measured the serum levels of melatonin through ELISA, while IL-4 and TNF-α were measured using flow cytometry, and C-reactive protein was measured through turbidimetry. This study found that patients with leishmaniasis significantly increased TNF-α and decreased melatonin levels. However, the group of diabetic patients with leishmaniasis showed higher melatonin levels than the control group. These observations suggest that TNF-α may influence melatonin production in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis, potentially contributing to the inflammatory characteristics of both diseases.

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The Role of Melatonin in the Inflammatory Process in Patients with Hyperglycemia and Leishmania Infection

Martins,

Ferrari,

de Queiroz

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Comparative Analysis of Lifestyle Practices Between Diabetic Patients and Healthy Non-diabetic Individuals in the Saudi Population

Algarni,

Kamel,

Almatrafi

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background: The burden of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia is considerable, with high prevalence rates affecting the population's health and healthcare resources. This situation necessitates attention from healthcare policymakers. The study aims to compare lifestyle practices between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in Saudi Arabia to inform targeted health interventions.Objectives: The primary aim is to compare lifestyle practices, including dietary habits, physical activity levels, and smoking habits, between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A 12-month cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 424 participants, evenly distributed across age, gender, and socioeconomic status, were enrolled. A total of 424 participants, balanced for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, were recruited. Data were collected via structured interviews employing a validated questionnaire. The King Fahad Medical City IRB approved the study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.Results: The study found that diabetic individuals were more likely to be older, male, and sedentary (p < 0.001). They were also at a higher likelihood of being current smokers (p = 0.002) and consuming whole grains regularly. Non-diabetic individuals consumed more fruits and fast food and had more flexible meal schedules (p < 0.001). Both groups had similar levels of regular vegetable consumption. A significantly lower proportion of diabetics (40 individuals; 20%) engaged in moderate physical activity three to four days a week compared to non-diabetics (80 individuals; 36%), which was highly significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion:The study identified critical differences in lifestyle practices between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in Saudi Arabia. These findings underscore the need for tailored health interventions to address the rising diabetes rates and promote healthier lifestyle practices among the Saudi population.

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The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the description of concurrent treatments: A two-center retrospective cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

The Role of Melatonin in the Inflammatory Process in Patients with Hyperglycemia and Leishmania Infection

The Role of Melatonin in the Inflammatory Process in Patients with Hyperglycemia and Leishmania Infection

Comparative Analysis of Lifestyle Practices Between Diabetic Patients and Healthy Non-diabetic Individuals in the Saudi Population

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