The prevalence of dental developmental anomalies among childhood cancer survivors according to types of anticancer treatment

Abstract

Survival following childhood cancer has increased considerably. In an observational cross-sectional study, we assessed the prevalence of dental developmental anomalies (DDA) among childhood cancer survivors according to types of anticancer treatment. Permanent teeth were examined clinically and radiographically in 121 adolescents with a history of childhood malignancies, to identify DDA, namely hypomineralization or hypoplasia, microdontia, root changes and hypodontia. DDA were observed in 56/121 individuals (46%), in 309/3388 teeth (9%). Hypomineralization or hypoplasia of enamel appeared in 21 (17%) patients. Altered root development appeared in 26 patients and hypodontia affected 13 (10%). Dental anomalies were observed in 36 (43%) individuals who received chemotherapy and not radiation, in 20 (52%) who received radiotherapy, and in 15 (60%) of those who received head and neck radiotherapy. Among patients who received only chemotherapy, young age (6 years or younger) was associated with a higher number of malformed teeth. In conclusion, antineoplastic treatment that combines chemotherapy and radiotherapy appears to increase the risk of DDA. Radiation to the head and neck area was shown to particularly increase the risk of DDA. No specific chemotherapy agent was found to be associated more than the others with DDA.

Oral and dental late effects in long-term survivors of childhood embryonal brain tumors

“…In contrast, the Norwegian study by Wilberg and coworkers (2016) on 111 survivors of childhood leukemia, treated with chemotherapy at an early age, hypodontia was found in 5%, microdontia in 28%, and enamel hypoplasia in 46% [9]. The higher prevalence of hypodontia in our study population compared to childhood leukemia survivors treated with chemotherapy [9] may be due to treatment modalities combining CSI with chemotherapy [40] in MB/CNS-PNET patients.…”

“…Several previous studies reported that vincristine and alkylating substances such as cyclophosphamide may be associated with DDD in childhood cancer survivors [6,11,41,42]. In contrast, in a recent published study no association between DDD and specific type of chemotherapy agent was reported [40]. Even though brain tumor patients are not directly irradiated towards the jaws and teeth, scattering to these surrounding tissues may occur [43].…”

Oligomicrodontia in a Pediatric Cancer Survivor after Chemotherapy: A Case Report

“…Development disturbances can be influenced by genetic, epigenetics, and environmental factors, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy treatment at an early age. Various studies reported effects on craniofacial and dental development caused by chemotherapy administered during the stages of tooth development [ 4 , 6 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

“…The subjective sensation of dry mouth is a potential side effect following head and neck radiation but the association of chemotherapy alone with xerostomia is controversial [ 12 ]. It can be concluded that the DMFT score (the sum of the number of Decayed, Missing due to caries, and Filled Teeth in the permanent teeth) of chemotherapy patients depends primarily on family history, hygiene patterns, and socioeconomic status [ 13 ].…”

Long-term musculoskeletal side effects in patients with neuroblastoma who have completed specific therapy (case reports and literature review)

“…В работе было отмечено, что патология зубов чаще встречалась у больных, получавших лучевую терапию (53% случаев), в сравнении с выжившими, которые принимали только химиотерапию (43% случаев), ранний возраст пациента на момент начала лечения также повышал риск нарушения формирования зубов (p = 0,001). Статистически значимой связи между отдельными химиопрепаратами и патологией зубов не выявлено [47]. S.C. Kaste в 2009 г. представила результаты опроса и анализ влияния химио-и лучевой терапии, социально-экономических и демографических аспектов, возраста пациента на анатомию зубов [48].…”