The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the people of Uganda

Møller, I.J.; Pindborg, J. J.; Gedalia, I.; Roed‐Petersen, B.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(70)90080-4

Cited by 49 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Culturally related habits may partly explain the moderate difference in the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis between the districts. This was consistent with previous findings from Uganda which showed considerable variation in the prevalence of dental fluorosis associated with modest differences in the F level of the drinking water [Møller et al, 1970], Most of the variance in the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis was explained by the F intake from liquid, but altitude remained a significant risk indicator after controlling for the effect of other potential confounding factors by multiple linear and logistic regression analyses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Altitude as a Risk Indicator of Dental Fluorosis in Children Residing in Areas with 0.5 and 2.5 mg Fluoride per Litre in Drinking Water

et al. 1999

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The purpose of this study was to assess the association between altitude and dental fluorisis among Ugandan children in two fluoride (F) districts while controlling for other factors related to fluorosis. A random sample of 481 children aged 10–14 years was examined for fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov (TF) index. The prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis increased significantly with increase in altitude (900 vs. 2,200 m in the low– and 1,750 vs. 2,800 m in the high–F district) and in F concentration in the drinking water. In bivariate correlation analyses, F exposure from liquid (FEL), altitude, infant formula, vegetarianism and storing of drinking water in earthenware pots were significantly associated with the tooth prevalence of fluorosis (TPF), i.e. at a severity of TF score ≥1 (p<0.05); age and gender were not. The stepwise multiple linear regression explained 35 and 55% of the variance in TPF within the low– and high–F districts, respectively. The change in R² due to FEL was 28 and 51% points compared with 5 and 4% points due to altitude. The significant effect of FEL and altitude was confirmed by multiple logistic regression analyses. Thus, although most of the variation in the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis was explained by the F intake from liquid, altitude was a significant risk indicator after controlling for potential confounders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Altitude as a Risk Indicator of Dental Fluorosis in Children Residing in Areas with 0.5 and 2.5 mg Fluoride per Litre in Drinking Water

et al. 1999

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“…An increasing number of reports from African countries indicate a higher prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis than could be expected from the fluoride concentrations in the drink ing water (4, 15,16,[20][21][22][23][24]. Climate (15,20,23) and, more recently, altitude (22) have been suggested as contributo ry factors to fluorosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate (15,20,23) and, more recently, altitude (22) have been suggested as contributo ry factors to fluorosis. The prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the Singida and Iramba districts were also much higher than could be expected from water-borne fluoride.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride‐containing trona tenderizer (magadi)

Mabelya

Helderman²,

Hof

et al. 1997

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Please be advised that this information was generated on 2018-05-10 and may be subject to change.Mabelya L, van Palenstein Helderman WH, van't Hof MA, Konig KG: Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride-containing trona tenderizer (magadi), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1997; 25: 170-6. © Munksgaard, 1997 Abstract -It has recently been suggested that magadi, a high-fluoride trona, which is added in cooking to tenderize certain vegetables and beans in two villages in Tanzania, significantly contributed to the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis. This report aims to substantiate the significance of magadi as a determin ant of dental fluorosis. Eighteen villages in four geographical areas (districts) with water supplies containing 0.2 to 0,8 mg/L of fluoride were selected. All schoolchildren aged 12 to 17 years (n= 1566) who had been born and raised in these villages were examined for dental fluorosis according to the ThylstrupFejerskov Index. Dietary history was recorded. The fluoride content of magadi samples was determined and the urinary fluoride excretion of pre-schoolchildren was assessed. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in nine coastal villages where tea and seafish were regularly consumed ranged from 7% to 46%. Severe (pitting) dental fluorosis was rarely seen. The low fluorosis levels observed in non-magadi consuming communities in coastal villages indicate that a fluoride content of up to 0.8 mg/L in drinking water is acceptable under the prevailing conditions of temperature and diet. In contrast, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in nine villages located inland at 1500 m altitude, where fluoride-containing magadi was con sumed, ranged from 53% to 100%, and severe (pitting) fluorosis was highly prevalent, ranging from 18% to 97%. The village with the highest fluoride content in the magadi samples collected showed the highest level of fluorosis. The uri nary fluoride excretion of pre-schoolchildren from different villages corresponded with the level of fluorosis and the fluoride content in the magadi samples of the respective villages. Data on dental fluorosis from the magadi-consuming commu nities provide strong evidence that consumption of magadi was the major deter minant of the observed high prevalence and severity of fluorosis in inland villages at 1500 m altitude.

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“…The maximum concentration (99 mg/l) was found in Manyara whereas the minimum was (0 mg/l) in Tanga region (Table 1). [1,8,24,33,34,38,40,43,. Note: n=F>1.5: Number of Samples with fluoride concentration greater than 1.5 mg/l n=%F>1.5: Percentage of samples with fluoride greater than 1.5 mg/l n=F>4: Number of Samples with fluoride concentration greater than 4 mg/l n=%F>4: Parentage of samples with fluoride greater than 4 mg/l These data exclude extremely high fluoride lakes such as Lake Elementaita and Lake Nakuru in Kenya, Lake Momella in Tanzania, Lake Kikorongo in Uganda and Lake Chitu in Ethiopia…”

Section: Fluoride Distribution In Various Water Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Malago¹,

Makoba²,

Muzuka³

2017

AJWSE

128

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Abstract:Fluoride has been reported to be among natural pollutant of water in Africa. High fluoride levels beyond the recommended World Health Organization limit of 1.5 mg/l has been observed in various Africa countries. However, the information is scattered in different publication medium. Therefore, objective of this work was to put together the information on fluoride levels in surface and groundwater in Africa, and describe the status and distribution of fluoride in water among African countries. This study assembled the secondary data of fluoride concentrations in surface and groundwater from the various literatures in African countries. Such countries represent southern, northern, eastern and western Africa. Descriptive statistics was used and results showed that elevated fluoride concentration occurred in countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi, Sudan, Uganda, the Republic of South Africa and Ethiopia. The highest fluoride concentration reported was 2,800 mg/l in Lake Nakuru in Kenya. The high fluoride concentrations in water can be linked to volcanic activities, presence of thermal waters especially those with high pH, gases emitted from earth's crust, granitic and gneissic rocks. The high fluoride in water is severe in countries located in East African Rift Valley like Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. However, all the incidences of highest fluoride levels in water in the Rift Valley countries were found in surface water bodies. This is contrary, as it is expected groundwater to be more concentrated as compared to surface water due to more water rock interaction than in surface water bodies. There was no single study among many studies has reported the long term trend of concentration of fluoride in water with time. Thus, the effort to establish long term trend of fluoride concentration in water should be taken in consideration. This helps to predict future concentration of fluoride and possibility to minimize future risks. Also, fluorosis has also been reported to be endemic in fluoritic areas of Africa though, little is known on other fluoride negative effects. Therefore, more efforts should concentrate on finding appropriate defluoridation techniques to be applied while considering the cost of operation, efficiency, practicability, easy application and environmental friendly.

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The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the people of Uganda

Cited by 49 publications

References 14 publications

Altitude as a Risk Indicator of Dental Fluorosis in Children Residing in Areas with 0.5 and 2.5 mg Fluoride per Litre in Drinking Water

Altitude as a Risk Indicator of Dental Fluorosis in Children Residing in Areas with 0.5 and 2.5 mg Fluoride per Litre in Drinking Water

Dental fluorosis and the use of a high fluoride‐containing trona tenderizer (magadi)

Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

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