The Prevalence of Giardia Intestinalis in Dyspeptic and Diabetic Patients

Hakim, Gözde Derviş; Kızıltaş, Şafak; Çiftçi, Hilmi; Göktaş, Şafak; Tuncer, İlyas

doi:10.5402/2011/580793

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A study conducted by Hakim and colleagues reported a high rate of G . intestinalis infection among DM patients [ 29 ]. For trematode infections, positive association with HbA1c concentrations were reported from several studies [ 12 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between gastrointestinal tract infections and glycated hemoglobin in school children of poor neighborhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa

et al. 2018

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BackgroundLow- and middle-income countries are facing a dual disease burden with infectious diseases (e.g., gastrointestinal tract infections) and non-communicable diseases (e.g., diabetes) being common. For instance, chronic parasite infections lead to altered immune regulatory networks, anemia, malnutrition, and diarrhea with an associated shift in the gut microbiome. These can all be pathways of potential relevance for insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between common gastrointestinal tract infections and glycemia in children from non-fee paying schools in South Africa.MethodologyWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 9- to 14-year-old school children in Port Elizabeth. Stool and urine samples were collected to assess infection status with parasitic worms (e.g., Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, and Trichuris trichiura), intestinal protozoa (e.g., Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis), and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured in finger prick derived capillary blood. All children at schools with a high prevalence of helminth infections and only infected children at the schools with low infection rates were treated with albendazole. The association of anthelmintic treatment with changes in HbA1c 6 months after the drug intervention was also investigated.FindingsA high prevalence of 71.8% of prediabetes was measured in this group of children, with only 27.8% having HbA1c in the normal range. H. pylori was the predominant infectious agent and showed an independent positive association with HbA1c in a multivariable regression analysis (β = 0.040, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.006–0.073, p<0.05). No association of HbA1c with either any other infectious agent or albendazole administration was found.ConclusionThe role of H. pylori in diabetes needs confirmation in the context of longitudinal treatment interventions. The specific effect of other gastrointestinal tract infections on glycemia remains unclear. Future studies should integrate the measurement of biomarkers, including immunological parameters, to shed light on the potential mediating mechanisms between parasite infections and diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between gastrointestinal tract infections and glycated hemoglobin in school children of poor neighborhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa

et al. 2018

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“…Giardia lamblia is a major human pathogen with a worldwide distribution. Prevalence of infection is higher in countries that lack proper sanitation and hygienic conditions (Hakim et al 2011). Although Giardia was added to the 'WHO Neglected Diseases Initiative' in 2004, it continues to be a common and problematic human parasite (Savioli et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of Giardia lamblia infection among general population in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran

et al. 2018

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is the most prevalent intestinal parasites of humans in Iran and other in the world although information on geographical distribution of giardiasis plays significant role in identifying communities at high risk, little attention has been paid to study human giardiasis using geographical information system. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine temporal and spatial patterns of human giardiasis distribution to identify possible high risk areas and seasons in northern Iran. A total of 4788 people referred to health centers in the Mazandaran Province of northern Iran were surveyed January to December 2015. From each person stool sample and questionnaire with socio-demographic data were collected. infection was diagnosed using direct wet mount, formalin ether concentration and trichrome staining. The results were analyzed using Moran Local Indicators of spatial association and geographically weighted regression. The overall prevalence of infection was 4.6% (222/4788), and was significantly higher among those aged 5-9 years compared to their older peers ( < 0.0001). Our data showed a significant dependency between the prevalence of and age, job, residence, season and height from the sea ( < 0.0001). The results of this study provided a precise and specific spatial and temporal pattern of human giardiasis distribution in the Mazandaran Province, Iran. These evidences should be considered for proper control of disease decisions and strategies.

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“…Experimental data suggest that exposure to helminth infections can inhibit the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as T1D and other immune-mediated diseases [ 10 ]. Otherwise, clinical trials showed that intestinal parasite prevalence in the diabetic group was significantly lower than in the control subject group [ 11 ], and Hakim et al [ 12 ] showed higher prevalence giardiasis in diabetic patients (15%, mean age 54 years) than in dyspeptic individuals (7%), but no discrimination between T1D and T2D groups was done in these papers. Individuals who had previously S. stercoralis infection were 61% less likely to have a diagnosis of T2D than those uninfected [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Parasite Interactions in Individuals with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Result in Higher Frequency ofAscaris lumbricoidesandGiardia lambliain Type 2 Diabetic Individuals

Machado

Matos

Rezende

et al. 2018

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Host-parasite interactions in diabetic patients might influence diabetes complications and intestinal parasitosis. The aim was to investigate the occurrence of enteroparasites in individuals with diabetes types 1 and 2. A descriptive study was designed to estimate frequencies of parasites and to compare them in individuals with diabetes types 1 and 2 from two Health Centers and one hospital in the Federal District of Brazil. Patients were allocated to the study by convenience. Three fecal samples of 156 diabetic individuals (120 type 1 and 36 type 2) were analyzed using two parasitological methods. Enteroparasites or commensals frequency in diabetics was 64%. Diabetics infected with up to six species of intestinal parasites or commensals were found. Frequencies of Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia were higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The lower frequency of A. lumbricoides found in type 1 diabetes may be related to a strong Th2 response to parasites. Autoimmune response developed in type 1 diabetic individuals characterized by the production of Th1 cytokines could explain low frequency of G. lamblia. High frequency of parasites found in type 2 diabetes emphasizes the importance of periodic parasitological examinations in these individuals.

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The Prevalence of Giardia Intestinalis in Dyspeptic and Diabetic Patients

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Association between gastrointestinal tract infections and glycated hemoglobin in school children of poor neighborhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Association between gastrointestinal tract infections and glycated hemoglobin in school children of poor neighborhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Spatial distribution of Giardia lamblia infection among general population in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran

Host-Parasite Interactions in Individuals with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Result in Higher Frequency ofAscaris lumbricoidesandGiardia lambliain Type 2 Diabetic Individuals

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