The Prevalence of Gluten-Free Diet at the University of Otago: A Cross- Sectional Survey

Abstract

Aim: The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the prevalence of the GFD in a New Zealand adult population, (2) investigate the reasons why people are on the GFD and (3) explore what factors limit adherence to the diet.Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey of 3,000 students and 3,000 staff at the University of Otago, New Zealand, undertaken in July-August 2013. Participants were randomly selected from databases of students and staff at the University of Otago in July 2013. Survey questions included four main sections: demographics, dietary habits, motivating factors and barriers to following a GFD. The analysis compared the variables between students and staff as well as between people on the GFD and those not on the GFD, using a linear regression analysis model. Results:The overall response rate was 35.5% (2123 respondents). The prevalence of people currently on the GFD was 6.1% in this university population, while another 6.2% reported having previously tried the GFD. The prevalence of CD was 1.2%. Feeling unwell when eating food that contains gluten was the main reason for following the GFD in our study population. Poor availability along with cost of gluten-free (GF) foods was the main factors limiting adherence to the GFD. Conclusion:A significant proportion of a New Zealand university population is currently following or has followed a GFD. People follow a GFD for multiple reasons other than medical indications. People with special diets in a university setting appear to have difficulty accessing dietary options.