The prevalence of hepatitis B infection amongst urban and rural populations in Western Samoa

Id, Gust; Dimitrakakis, Mary; Faaiuso, S.; Ainuu, J.; Zimmet, Paul

doi:10.1017/s0022172400068777

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The HBsAg positive rates for AGH and HFH were 12.4% and 13.8%, respectively, which were higher than that of SPC (2.2%). According to the previous reports, HBV prevalence showed higher or similar rates in rural districts 12,13. In this study, HFH is in the capital of a municipality and SPC is in a more urban district than AGH; there is not much difference in the prevalence between urban and rural consistent with previous reports 12,13.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…According to the previous reports, HBV prevalence showed higher or similar rates in rural districts 12,13. In this study, HFH is in the capital of a municipality and SPC is in a more urban district than AGH; there is not much difference in the prevalence between urban and rural consistent with previous reports 12,13. According to our survey, inoculated rate of HBV vaccine in AGH, HFH, SPC were 0.7%, 0.3%, and 1.1%, respectively which were very slight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Surface Ag Positivity in Pregnant Women in Eastern Region of Ghana

Cho¹,

Bonsu²,

Akoto-Ampaw³

et al. 2012

Gut Liver

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Background/AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity in pregnant Ghanaian women.MethodsWe surveyed 1,500 pregnant women in Eastern region of Ghana. Direct interviews were performed by trained nurses using standardized questionnaires. Pregnant women were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B infections, hemoglobin levels and sickle cell anemia as part of the antenatal check-up.ResultsThe overall HBsAg positive rate was 10.6%, which varied among districts (13.8% for Kwahu West, 12.4% for Upper Manya, and 2.2% for Yilo Krobo). HBsAg positivity was significantly higher in women with depression (odds ratio [OR], 3.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.13 to 6.57) and HIV (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.89). Age, education, and gravidity were not related to HBsAg positivity. Anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin for newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers is not provided at birth in public health facilities in Ghana. However, hepatitis B vaccination is provided as part of a routine vaccination schedule starting at 6 weeks of age.ConclusionsTo prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B, screening tests for HBsAg in pregnant women and hepatitis B vaccination of newborns immediately after birth need to be performed in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Surface Ag Positivity in Pregnant Women in Eastern Region of Ghana

Cho¹,

Bonsu²,

Akoto-Ampaw³

et al. 2012

Gut Liver

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“…In that study, it was found that total HBV exposure rate, HBsAg carrier rate and previous exposure to HBV measured by the frequency of HBcAb alone were significantly higher in the rural population compared with the urban population [25]. A similar finding was reported in western Samoa where people living in rural areas were more likely to be infected than those living in urban areas [26]. On the other side, place of abode influenced the HBV infection rate reported from a study carried out in China where the prevalence rate in rural districts of the country were found to be significantly lower than the urban population [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…In this study it appears a more common factor of working in hospital environment binds our subjects together thereby making other social factors less relevant. The main risk factor for HBV infection for HCWs is direct contact with infected material such as blood, body fluids, or needle stick injury hence HCWs are at particularly increased risk of infection [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Hepatitis B Viral Infection among Workers in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwestern Nigeria

Simidele¹,

Oladimeji²,

Joseph³

et al. 2018

OJMM

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Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are particularly at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections due to contact with infectious material like contaminated blood and body fluids or contact with HBV contaminated fomites. HBV vaccine is efficient in preventing infection though 5%-10% of individuals are non-responders. HBV vaccine was introduced into Nigerian childhood immunization services in year 2004. However, routine vaccination of HCWs is often not implemented due to cost in resource limited settings like ours. Therapeutic options are also not affordable and available options do not guarantee complete cure. This study aimed at determining the burden of HBV infection among HCWs in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, in order to institute prompt treatment as a way of curbing HBV spread and disease progression. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December, 2016. Staff from various cadres in EKSUTH, who accepted to participate, was recruited into the study. Following informed consent, 5 mls of blood collected from each participant was screened for HBV markers using HBV serologic combo test kit. Demography and Information on risk factors were collected with questionnaire. Results: A total of 965 participants, of which 323 (33.5%) were males and 642 (66.5%) were females, were recruited. Majority (72.6%) were married. History of unprotected sexual contact and multiple sexual partners was found in 62.3% and 54% of participants, respectively. In this study, 43 (4.5%) were HBsAg positive, out of which 40 (93%) had HBV infection (HBcAb positive).

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“…Lifestyle was seen to be a factor in two rural populations of New Caledonia [ 34 ], yet a study in Fiji showed high prevalence that appeared not to have been affected by location and lifestyle [ 21 ]. A study in Tonga showed increased new cases of HBV infections in rural dwellers compared to urban and attributed this to a lifestyle in rural settings that predisposed them to increased infection [ 35 ]. While this may hold true for the Taulils, Bainings and Tolais of the Gazelle district, it is in contrast to the Pomios in this current study, who live mostly in rural areas and yet have the lowest HBsAg prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Serological Survey of Selected Papua New Guinea Blood Donors for Hepatitis B and Related Co-Infections

Varpit¹,

Gummow

2020

TropicalMed

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious problem and earlier studies in Papua New Guinea have reported a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. These studies were undertaken using insensitive tests and before an expanded immunization program. The current HBV status is therefore uncertain. A retrospective study to investigate the HBV status was carried out using blood donor data at Nonga General Hospital, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, from January 2003 to December 2018. Additional data for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, syphilis and hepatitis C virus were also collected. Data were analysed using NCSS statistical software. The mean hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) sero-prevalence was 21% for the period of study and showed a downward trend over the period of the study, which may reflect the effect of the extended immunization program. HBsAg prevalence in male donors (23%) was significantly higher than females (16%). Donors living in Pomio district had a significantly lower proportion of sero-positive HBsAg donors (7%) than Gazelle (22%), Kokopo (22%) and Rabaul (20%), which was attributed to this district’s geographical isolation. Ethnically, Pomios donors (8%) had significantly lower HBsAg prevalence than the Taulils, (29%), Bainings (21%) and Tolais (21%). Fifteen to nineteen year olds (23%) were the predominant age group affected, and vertical or perinatal transmission was probably the primary transmission route. Our findings call for greater awareness on the part of public policy makers and should be considered when planning future public health campaigns.

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The prevalence of hepatitis B infection amongst urban and rural populations in Western Samoa

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Surface Ag Positivity in Pregnant Women in Eastern Region of Ghana

The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Surface Ag Positivity in Pregnant Women in Eastern Region of Ghana

Burden of Hepatitis B Viral Infection among Workers in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwestern Nigeria

A Serological Survey of Selected Papua New Guinea Blood Donors for Hepatitis B and Related Co-Infections

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