The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C virus among injection drug users who use high risk inner-city locales in Miami, Florida

McCoy, Clyde B.; Metsch, Lisa R.; Collado-Mesa, Fernando; Arheart, Kristopher L.; Messiah, Sarah; Katz, Donald L.; Shapshak, Paul

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762004000800002

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There is, however, a large body of data that indicates a linkage between use of opioids in an intravenous mode and increased incidence of infections in humans. McCoy et al (2004) examined the prevalence of HIV-1 and HCV among injection drug users in Miami, FL. Results of multivariate analyses indicated a direct correlation between years of heroin use and HCV infection.…”

Section: Opioidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs of Abuse, Immune Modulation, and AIDS

Cabral

2006

Jrnl Neuroimmune Pharm

112

100

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Illicit drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana, and opiates alter immune function and decrease host resistance to microbes in vitro and in experimental animal models. Effects on the immune system may be mediated indirectly as a result of drug interactions in the central nervous system (CNS) or directly through activation of cognate receptors on various immune cell types. For marijuana and opioids, seven-transmembranal G protein-coupled receptors have been identified in the CNS and in the immune system that may play a functionally relevant role in immune modulation. There is accumulating evidence that sigma(1) receptors play a comparable role in cocaine-mediated alteration of immune responses. A mode by which these exogenously introduced substances affects immunity and host resistance may be by perturbing the balance of Th(1) proinflammatory versus Th(2) anti-inflammatory cytokines and lipid bioeffectors. However, while illicit drugs have been documented to alter immune functions in vitro and in animal models, there is a paucity of controlled longitudinal epidemiological studies that definitively correlate immunosuppressive effects with increased incidence of infections or immune disorders in humans, including infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or disease progression to AIDS.

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Section: Opioidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs of Abuse, Immune Modulation, and AIDS

Cabral

2006

Jrnl Neuroimmune Pharm

112

100

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“…McCoy et al (2004) examined the prevalence of HIV-1 and HCV among injection drug users in Miami, Florida. Results of multivariate analyses indicated a direct correlation between years of heroin use and HCV infection.…”

Section: Opioids and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Opioids on Immune Cells, Functions and Diseases

Ninković

Roy

2012

Nerve-Driven Immunity

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“…The HCV epidemic has followed a course in some ways similar to that of HIV due to parallel risk behaviors, although the two viruses show different viral properties and clinical outcomes. [5][6][7] HCV incidence rates among IDUs generally range between 10% and 20% per year, [8][9][10] and this translates into a growing prevalence of HCV. A mean estimate for the prevalence of HCV based on a number of reports indicates that 180 million people have been infected with HCV worldwide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A likely major factor driving this growth is injection drug use, and it is of great concern in view of the ease with which HCV infection spreads parenterally and the elevated levels of virus load attained. [6,19] For example, in Miami, Florida, HCV prevalence among IDUs ranges from 36% to a staggering 90%. [6] In other US major metropolitan areas that have cohorts of IDUs recruited from the street or from methadone-maintenance treatment programs (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular and Contextual Markers of Hepatitis C Virus and Drug Abuse

et al. 2009

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The spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection involves a complex interplay of social risks, and molecular factors of both virus and host. Injection drug abuse is the most powerful risk factor for HCV infection, followed by sexual transmission and additional non-injection drug abuse factors such as co-infection with other viruses and barriers to treatment. It is clearly important to understand the wider context in which the factors related to HCV infection occur. This understanding is required for a comprehensive approach leading to the successful prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HCV. An additional consideration is that current treatments and advanced molecular methods are generally unavailable to socially disadvantaged patients. Thus, the recognition of behavioral/social, viral, and host factors as components of an integrated approach to HCV is important to help this vulnerable group. Equally important, this approach is key to the development of personalized patient treatment – a significant goal in global healthcare. In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning the impact of drug abuse, epidemiology, social behavior, virology, immunopathology, and genetics on HCV infection and the course of disease.

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The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C virus among injection drug users who use high risk inner-city locales in Miami, Florida

Abstract: In order to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection in hard-

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Drugs of Abuse, Immune Modulation, and AIDS

Drugs of Abuse, Immune Modulation, and AIDS

The Effects of Opioids on Immune Cells, Functions and Diseases

Molecular and Contextual Markers of Hepatitis C Virus and Drug Abuse

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